Tabla de Contenidos:
  • 1. Evidence-based approach to addressing information needs
  • Introduction
  • seven-step systematic approach
  • Summary
  • 2. Tertiary resources
  • Introduction
  • General drug information resources
  • Information-specific resources
  • Summary
  • 3. Secondary resources
  • Introduction
  • Searching secondary resources
  • Commonly used secondary resources
  • Summary
  • 4. Internet resources
  • Introduction
  • Evaluating the quality of internet-based medication and health information
  • Internet resources
  • Useful internet sites for clinicians
  • Summary
  • 5. Evaluating clinical studies
  • step 1: what type of study is it?
  • Introduction
  • Experimental studies
  • Observational studies
  • Summary
  • 6. Evaluating clinical studies
  • step 2: the journal, authors, and study purpose
  • Introduction
  • Journal and investigator considerations
  • Potential conflicts of interest
  • Study objectives and hypotheses
  • Summary
  • 7. Evaluating clinical studies
  • step 3: methods used
  • Introduction
  • Eligibility (inclusion and exclusion) criteria
  • Sampling (enrollment) considerations
  • Informed consent
  • Sample size
  • Controlled experimental designs
  • Assignment to interventions
  • Blinding
  • Treatment considerations
  • Outcomes and variables
  • Measurements
  • Summary
  • 8. Evaluating clinical studies
  • step 4: statistical analyses
  • Introduction
  • One-tailed versus two-tailed tests
  • Categories of statistical tests
  • Parametric statistical tests
  • Nonparametric statistical tests
  • Correlation
  • Regression
  • Summary
  • 9. Evaluating clinical studies
  • step 5: results, interpretation, and conclusions
  • Introduction
  • Measures of central tendency
  • Measures of variability (spread or dispersion)
  • Statistical inference
  • Confidence interval
  • Hypothesis testing
  • P values
  • Type I error
  • Type II error
  • Statistical significance versus clinical significance (importance)
  • Measures of risk, risk reduction, and clinical utility
  • Drop-outs and data handling
  • Discussion section
  • Summary
  • 10. Evaluating clinical studies
  • step 6: putting it all together
  • Introduction
  • Key questions and considerations when critiquing published experimental studies
  • 11. Equivalence and noninferiority studies
  • Overview
  • Equivalence study
  • Noninferiority study
  • Summary
  • 12. Practice guidelines, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses
  • Introduction
  • Systematic reviews
  • Meta-analyses
  • Practice guidelines
  • Summary.