Introduction to Humans in Engineered Systems.

This book provides a repository of cases and articles on the broad applications of human factors knowledge across the globe. Written by highly experienced authors in this field, this book takes a control theory perspective and uses control diagrams to illustrate the relationships and interactions be...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autores principales: Folk, Charles L. (Autor), Boehm-Davis, Deborah Ann (Autor)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Wiley 2012.
Temas:
Human engineering.
Ergonomics
Ergonomie.
ergonomics.
PSYCHOLOGY > Industrial & Organizational Psychology.
Human engineering
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: pt. I Historical Perspective
  • References
  • 1. Natural and Engineered Systems
  • Purposeful Design
  • User-Centered Design
  • Design against Failure
  • Summary
  • References
  • 2. Historical Roots
  • Engineering for Physical Limitations
  • Size
  • Strength
  • Speed and Efficiency
  • Engineering for Human Cognition
  • Writing
  • Number Systems
  • Point-and-Click Interfaces
  • Modern Era
  • Aviation
  • Digital Computer
  • Fractured Field
  • Human Factors/Ergonomics
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Human-Systems Integration
  • Summary
  • References
  • 3. Current Practice
  • Aerospace
  • Human-System Specialist in Aerospace
  • Medicine
  • Human-System Specialist in Medicine
  • Automotive Industry
  • Human-System Specialist in the Automotive Industry
  • Computer Industry
  • Human-System Specialist in Human-Computer Interfaces
  • Summary
  • References
  • pt. II Environment
  • References
  • 4. Varied Nature of Environments
  • Static vs. Dynamic Domains
  • Sources of Difficulty in Static Environments
  • Modes
  • Comprehension
  • Sources of Difficulty in Dynamic Environments
  • Lag
  • Plant Dynamics
  • Control Order
  • Perturbation and Noise
  • Internal vs. External Pacing
  • Error Tolerance
  • Summary
  • References
  • 5. Social Context
  • Methodological Consequences of Group Size
  • Length/Variability of Response Times
  • Methods of Study and Analysis
  • Communication and Coordination Consequences of Group Size
  • Summary
  • References
  • 6. Analysis Techniques
  • Modeling Static Environments: Finite State Representations
  • Modeling Dynamic Environments
  • Control Theory
  • Signal Detection Theory
  • Task Analysis
  • Measuring Complexity Using Information Theory
  • Modeling Throughput Using Queuing Theory
  • Summary
  • References
  • pt. III Human Element
  • References
  • 7. Determinants of Human Behavior
  • Human Factor
  • Structure and Content
  • Levels of Analysis
  • Summary
  • References
  • 8. Structure of Human Information Processing
  • Processing Stages
  • Cognition and Action
  • Cognition and Goal-Directed Behavior
  • Response Selection
  • Hiek-Hyman Law
  • Compatibility
  • Nature of Capacity Limitations
  • Summary
  • References
  • 9. Acquiring Information
  • Sensory Processing
  • Vision
  • Illumination
  • Reflectance of the Surface
  • Reflectance of Surrounding Surfaces
  • Anatomy of the Eye
  • Visual Acuity
  • Acuity and Retinal Eccentricity
  • Adaptation
  • Saccadic Eye Movements
  • Temporal Vision
  • Masking and Crowding
  • What and Where of Vision
  • Summary
  • Color Vision
  • CIE Color Space
  • Uses of Color
  • Audition
  • Human Auditory System
  • Auditory Perception
  • Pitch, Masking, and Critical Bands
  • Auditory Localization
  • Auditory-Visual Cross-Modal Interactions
  • Sensory Processing Summary
  • Attention
  • Selective Attention
  • Cocktail Party Phenomenon and Echoic Memory
  • Iconic Memory in Vision
  • Resource and Data Limits
  • Capacity of Attention
  • Processing of Unattended Items
  • Controlling Attention
  • Visual Search
  • Visual Monitoring
  • Information Foraging Theory
  • Summary
  • References
  • 10. Central Processing Limitations on Multitasking
  • Bottleneck Theories
  • Central Bottleneck Theory
  • Psychological Refractory Period Paradigm
  • Central Bottleneck Theory and Driving
  • Central Bottleneck Theory and Human-Computer Interaction
  • Fitts' Law
  • Project Ernestine
  • Capacity Theories
  • Complexity in Resource Allocation
  • Allocation of Limited-Capacity Resources
  • Multiple Resource Theory
  • Using Multiple Resource Theory
  • Applications of Single-Channel and Multiple Resource Theories
  • Timesharing
  • Task-Switching Costs
  • Cognitive Operations in Task Switching
  • Timesharing Strategies and the Control of Processing
  • Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off
  • Optimal Strategies
  • Summary
  • References
  • 11. Memory
  • Types of Memories
  • Short-Term Memory
  • Working Memory
  • Long-Term Memory
  • Episodic versus Semantic Memory
  • Retaining and Forgetting Information
  • Interference
  • Forgetting to Remember to Remember: Prospective Memory
  • Retrieving Information
  • Short-Term Memory Retrieval
  • Long-Term Memory Retrieval
  • Summary
  • References
  • 12. Decision Making
  • Anatomy of a Decision
  • Normative Approaches to Decision Making
  • Rational Decisions
  • Bayes Theorem
  • Utility and Expected Value
  • Nonoptimality of Human Decisions
  • Failure to Consider Base Rate Information
  • Judging Numerical Quantities
  • Failure to Appreciate Statistical Properties
  • Cognitive Approaches to Decision Making
  • Confirmation Bias
  • Framing Effects
  • Overconfidence
  • Heuristics in Human Decisions
  • Availability
  • Representativeness
  • Anchoring
  • Use of Heuristics
  • Other Influences on Decision Making
  • Process Models of Human Decision Making
  • Naturalistic Decision Making
  • Relationship between Decision-Making Models and Systems Engineering
  • Summary
  • References
  • pt. IV Human-System Integration
  • References
  • 13. Case Study in Human-System Performance: The Exxon Valdez
  • Account of the Grounding of the Tankship Exxon Valdez
  • Nature of the Error
  • Mode Errors
  • Control Dynamics and Detection Times
  • Time Estimation
  • Decision Biases
  • Multitasking
  • Summary
  • References
  • 14. Human Error
  • Human Error and System Error
  • Nature of Human Error
  • Theories of Human Error
  • Error Types
  • Error Forms
  • Situation Awareness
  • Situation Awareness in Individuals
  • Situation Awareness of Teams
  • Cognitive Processing in Establishing Situation Awareness
  • Measuring Situation Awareness
  • Inferring Situation Awareness from Eye Fixation Patterns
  • Summary of Situation Awareness
  • Summary
  • References
  • 15. Contextual Factors Affecting Human-System Performance
  • Workload
  • Defining and Measuring Workload
  • Performance-Based Metrics
  • Cognitive Task Analysis
  • Physiological Indices of Workload
  • Subjective Ratings of Workload
  • Workload Summary
  • Interruption
  • Operator State
  • Fatigue
  • Sleep Deprivation and Circadian Rhythms
  • Summary
  • References
  • 16. Role of Automation in Human-System Performance
  • Using Automated Devices
  • Levels of Automation
  • Taxonomy of Automation Levels
  • Automation as a Decision Support Aid
  • Automation and System Safety
  • Summary
  • References
  • 17. Supporting Human-System Performance
  • Alarms and Alerts
  • Sensory Characteristics of Good Alerts and Alarms
  • Design Considerations in Alerts and Alarms
  • Human Factors Issues with Alerts and Alarms
  • Information Displays
  • Transform Information to Take Advantage of Human Perceptual Systems
  • Match Perceptual Cues to the Nature of the Judgment
  • Choose Perceptual Depictions Compatible with Internal Representations
  • Provide Feedback
  • Use Presentation Techniques That Minimize Demand for Focal Visual Attention
  • Use Perceptual Distinctions That Match Visual and Auditory Capabilities
  • Apply the Proximity Compatibility Principle
  • Create Barriers
  • Summary
  • References.

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