Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) in the Nordic environment /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Kallenborn, R. (Roland), 1960-
Otros Autores: Berger, Urs, Järnberg, Ulf
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Copenhagen : Nordic Council of Ministers, 2004.
Temas:
Organofluorine compounds > Environmental aspects.
Pollution.
Composés organiques fluorés > Aspect de l'environnement.
pollution.
chemical pollution.
Pollution
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Table of contents
  • Summary
  • Sammendrag
  • 1. Frame of the study
  • 2. Background information
  • 2.1. Applications and product information
  • 3. Samples for PFAS screening in the Nordic environment
  • 3.1. Sample selection: Criteria and priorities
  • 3.2. Sample collection
  • 3.2.1. Finland
  • 3.2.2. Norway
  • 3.2.3. Sweden
  • 3.2.4. Denmark
  • 3.2.5. Iceland
  • 3.2.6. Faroe Islands
  • 3.3. Analysis and quantification
  • 3.3.1. Preparation of sediment and sludge samples
  • 3.3.2. Preparation of water samples
  • 3.3.3. Preparation of biota samples.
  • 3.3.4. Quantification of abiota samples
  • 3.3.5. Quantification of biota samples
  • 3.4. Quality control and method comparison
  • 3.4.1. Sampling protocol
  • 3.4.2. Limit of detection/ limit of quantification
  • 3.4.3. Laboratory and field blanks
  • 3.4.4. Performance tests (parallel samples)
  • 3.4.5. Laboratory intercomparison
  • 3.4.6. Data handling and comparison
  • 4. Results
  • 4.1. Levels and distribution
  • 4.1.1. Abiotic samples
  • 4.1.2. Biota
  • 5. Discussion and recommendations
  • 5.1. Source elucidation
  • 5.2. Sample specific patterns and fate estimation
  • 5.2.1. Potential sources.
  • 5.2.2. Seawater, fresh water and rain water samples
  • 5.2.3. Sediment
  • 5.2.4. Biota
  • 5.3. Spatial distribution
  • 5.3.1. Seawater
  • 5.3.2 Sewage sludge
  • 5.3.3. Sediment
  • 5.3.4. Biota
  • 5.4. Comparison with literature data
  • 5.4.1. Water
  • 5.4.2. Sediment
  • 5.4.3. Sewage sludge
  • 5.4.4. Biota
  • 5.5. Level comparison with conventional "legacy" persistent organic pollutants
  • 5.5.1. Concentration comparison in Seawater
  • 5.5.2. Concentration comparison in Fresh water
  • 5.5.3. Concentration comparison in rain water
  • 5.5.4. Concentration comparison in sediments.
  • 5.5.5. Concentration comparison in sewage effluent
  • 5.5.6. Concentration comparison in sewage sludge
  • 5.5.7. Concentration comparison in landfill effluent
  • 5.5.8. Concentration comparison in marine mammals
  • 5.5.9. Concentration comparison in marine fish
  • 5.5.10. Concentration comparison in fresh water fish
  • 5.5.11. Concentration comparison in seabirds
  • 5.6. Toxicity and ecotoxicity
  • 5.7. Sources and environmental implications
  • 5.8. Consequences and recommended actions
  • 6. Conclusions and suggestions
  • 7. Acknowledgements
  • 8. Literature.
  • Appendix 1: Sample characteristics
  • Appendix 2: Sampling manual
  • Appendix 3: Concentration list
  • Appendix 4: Sampling locations
  • Appendix 5: Abbreviations list.

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