Cargando…
Pathways to African export sustainability /
African exporters suffer from low survival rates on international markets. They fail more often than others, incurring time and again the setup costs involved in starting new relationships. This high churning is a source of waste, uncertainty, and discouragement. However, this trend is not inevitabl...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
World Bank,
2012.
|
| Colección: | Directions in development (Washington, D.C.). Trade.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Introduction; Chapter 1 Export Survival: What We Know about Africa; Export Survival: A First Pass at the Evidence; Figures; 1.1 Average Export Survival by Origin Country, 1979-2010; Do African Exports Really Survive Less Long?; 1.2 Average Export Survival by Destination, 1979-2010; 1.3 Sub-Saharan Africa's Exports Relative to Comparator Group, 1960-2010; 1.4 Average Export Survival by Exporter (Origin) Income, 1979-2010; 1.5 Average Spell Survival by Importer (Destination) Income, 1979-2010.
- 1.6 Kaplan-Meier Survival Function for Developing-Country Originating Products in OECD Markets1.7 Kaplan-Meier Survival Function for Sub-Saharan Africa-Originating Products in OECD Markets; 1.8 Average Spell Survival and Exporter-Country Income, 1979-2010; 1.9 Export Survival and Income by Sector, 1979-2010; Tables; 1.1 Cox Regression Results: Estimation of Export Spell Hazard Rates, All Developing Countries; Understanding Entry, Exit, and Survival Decisions; 1.10 Sunk Costs and the Frequency of Exits; 1.11 Number of New Export Lines (HS 6) against Income Levels.
- 1.12 Export Growth Decomposed, 1990-20051.13 Entry and First-Year Entrants' Survival Rates at the Firm Level; Annex 1A: The Basic Analytics of Survival; Annex 1B: The Basic Toolkit of Empirical Survival Analysis; Notes; References; Chapter 2 Countries, Institutions, and Policies; Comparative Advantage; 2.1 Average Spell Survival and Comparative Disadvantage; 2.2 Traveling through Diversification Cones; 2.3 Evolution of Sectoral Shares with Income Levels; Trade Costs and the Business Environment; Boxes; 2.1 Examples of Non-Tariff Barriers and Their Costs in Southern Africa.
- 2.4 Constraints to Survival2.5 First-Year Survival Rates and Business Environment Measures in the Origin Country; 2.6 First-Year Survival Rates and Financial Development; 2.1 Survival Versus Business Environment Measures in African Countries: Correlations; Standards and Their Enforcement; 2.2 A Malian Mango's "Soldier's Run"; Annex 2A: Survey of African Exporters on Export Survival; 2A.1 Survey of African Exporters on Export Survival: Distribution of Exporters by Exporter Type; Notes; References; Chapter 3 Survival, Contracts, and Networks; Exports, Firms, and Survival; Learning and Synergies.
- 3.1 Source of Client Contact, 2009Networks: Migrants and Diasporas; 3.2 Importance of Barriers to Export: Regular Exporters (Number of Responses), 2009; 3.1 Origin and Destination of Emigrant Stocks by Region; 3.2 Origin and Destination of Emigrant Stocks by African Region, Percent of Total Emigration; 3.3 Occupational Changes of Internal and International Migrants: Burkina Faso, 2009; 3.3 Export-Spell Hazard Rate Estimates: Cox Regressions; Notes; References; Chapter 4 Policy Implications; Thinking Strategically: Export-Expansion Paths.