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Metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics /
A practice-oriented desktop reference for toxicologists and pharmaceutical researchers, this handbook provides systematic coverage of the metabolic pathways of all major classes of xenobiotics in the human body. The first part briefly reviews the main enzyme systems involved in biotransformation and...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Hoboken, N.J. :
Wiley-VCH,
2012.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
MARC
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| 008 | 120712s2012 njua ob 001 0 eng d | ||
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| 037 | |a 10.1002/9783527630905 |b Wiley InterScience |n http://www3.interscience.wiley.com | ||
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| 082 | 0 | 4 | |a 615.9 |2 23 |
| 049 | |a UAMI | ||
| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics / |c edited by Pavel Anzenbacher and Ulrich M. Zanger. |
| 260 | |a Hoboken, N.J. : |b Wiley-VCH, |c 2012. | ||
| 300 | |a 1 online resource (xxix, 724 pages) : |b illustrations | ||
| 336 | |a text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a computer |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a online resource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 347 | |a data file | ||
| 505 | 0 | |6 880-01 |a Front Matter -- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics of Drug Metabolism. Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes₆An Overview / Pavel Anzenbacher, Eva Anzenbacherov̀ -- Cytochromes P450 / F Peter Guengerich -- UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases / Christian P Strassburg, Sandra Kalthoff -- Sulfotransferases / Michael W H Coughtrie -- Glutathione -Transferases / Miroslav Dostalek, Anna-Katarina Stark -- Hydrolytic Enzymes / Bingfang Yan -- Transporting Systems / Anne T Nies, Claudia Resch, Tadashi Namisaki -- Transcriptional Regulation of Human Drug-Metabolizing Cytochrome P450 Enzymes / Zdenek Dvorak -- Importance of Pharmacogenomics / Ulrich M Zanger, Kathrin Klein, Jessica Rieger -- Metabolism of Drugs. Introduction to Drug Metabolism / Ulrich M Zanger -- Central Nervous System Drugs / Pierre Baumann, Christoph Hiemke -- Cardiovascular Drugs / Stephan Riedmaier, Ulrich M Zanger -- Anticancer Drugs / Matthias Schwab, Elke Schaeffeler, Hiltrud Brauch -- Antimicrobial Agents / Chantal Csajka, Oscar Marchetti, Oriol Manuel, Laurent Decosterd, Amalio Telenti -- Drugs against Acute and Chronic Pain / Andrew A Somogyi, Janet K Coller -- Drugs of Abuse (Including Designer Drugs) / Markus R Meyer, Hans H Maurer -- Nicotine Metabolism and its Implications / Andy Z X Zhu, Rachel F Tyndale -- Metabolism of Alcohol and its Consequences / Helmut K Seitz, Sebastian Mueller -- Metabolism of Natural Compounds. Introduction and Overview / Michael Murray -- Flavonoids / Petr Hodek -- St John's Wort (L.) / Miroslav Dostalek, Anna-Katarina Stark -- Food Components and Supplements / Alexandr Parlesak -- Metabolism of Unnatural Xenobiotics. Environmental Pollutants / Marie Stiborova -- Environmental Estrogens / Miroslav Machala, Jan Vondr̀cek -- Biotransformation of Insecticides / Corie A Ellison, Alice L Crane, James R Olson -- Index. | |
| 504 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index. | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a pt. 1. Biochemistry and molecular genetics of drug metabolism -- pt. 2. Metabolism of drugs -- pt. 3. Metabolism of natural compounds -- pt. 4. Metabolism of unnatural xenobiotics. | |
| 520 | |a A practice-oriented desktop reference for toxicologists and pharmaceutical researchers, this handbook provides systematic coverage of the metabolic pathways of all major classes of xenobiotics in the human body. The first part briefly reviews the main enzyme systems involved in biotransformation and how they are orchestrated in the body, while parts two to four cover the three main classes of xenobiotics: drugs, natural products, environmental pollutants. Selected, well-documented case studies from the most important xenobiotics classes illustrate general principles of metabolism, making this. | ||
| 588 | 0 | |a Print version record. | |
| 590 | |a ProQuest Ebook Central |b Ebook Central Academic Complete | ||
| 650 | 0 | |a Drugs |x Metabolism. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Xenobiotics |x Metabolism. | |
| 650 | 1 | 2 | |a Pharmaceutical Preparations |x metabolism |
| 650 | 2 | 2 | |a Biological Factors |x metabolism |
| 650 | 2 | 2 | |a Biotransformation |x physiology |
| 650 | 2 | 2 | |a Xenobiotics |x metabolism |
| 650 | 6 | |a Médicaments |x Métabolisme. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Xénobiotiques |x Métabolisme. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a MEDICAL |x Toxicology. |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Drugs |x Metabolism |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Xenobiotics |x Metabolism |2 fast | |
| 655 | 4 | |a Internet Resources. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Anzenbacher, Pavel. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zanger, Ulrich M., |d 1955- |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmDqyXkHgPwBb9yBXWJjC | |
| 758 | |i has work: |a Metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics (Text) |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCFCx6YFRjyPTYrMkrqV6Kd |4 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ontology/hasWork | ||
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Print version: |t Metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. |d Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-VCH, 2012 |z 9783527630912 |w (OCoLC)787848298 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://ebookcentral.uam.elogim.com/lib/uam-ebooks/detail.action?docID=871498 |z Texto completo |
| 880 | 0 | 0 | |6 505-00/(S |g 12. |t Cardiovascular Drugs -- |g 12.1. |t Introduction -- |g 12.2. |t RAAS as a Target for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and AT1 Receptor Blockers -- |g 12.2.1. |t ACE Inhibitors -- |g 12.2.2. |t ARBs -- |g 12.3. |t Adrenergic Receptor Agonists -- |g 12.3.1. |t α1-Selective Adrenergic Receptor Agonists -- |g 12.3.2. |t α2-Selective Adrenergic Receptor Agonists -- |g 12.3.3. |t β-Selective Adrenergic Receptor Agonists -- |g 12.4. |t Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists -- |g 12.4.1. |t α1-Selective Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists -- |g 12.4.2. |t α2-Selective Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists -- |g 12.4.3. |t β-Selective Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists -- |g 12.5. |t Diuretics -- |g 12.5.1. |t Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors -- |g 12.5.2. |t Osmotic Diuretics -- |g 12.5.3. |t Na+-K+-2Cl- Symport Inhibitors -- |g 12.5.4. |t Thiazide or Thiazide-Like Diuretics -- |g 12.5.5. |t Nonspecific Cation Channel Inhibitors -- |g 12.5.6. |t Inhibitors of Renal Epithelial Na+ Channels -- |g 12.5.7. |t Mineralcorticoid Receptor Antagonists -- |g 12.6. |t Antiarrhythmics -- |g 12.6.1. |t Calcium Channel Blockers -- |g 12.7. |t Anticoagulants -- |g 12.7.1. |t Heparin -- |g 12.7.2. |t Vitamin K Antagonists -- |g 12.7.3. |t Antiplatelet Drugs -- |g 12.8. |t Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs -- |g 12.8.1. |t Bile Acid Sequestrants -- |g 12.8.2. |t Cholesterol Uptake Inhibitors -- |g 12.8.3. |t Fibrates -- |g 12.8.4. |t Statins -- -- |g 13. |t Anticancer Drugs -- |g 13.1. |t Introduction -- |g 13.2. |t Alkylating Drugs -- |g 13.2.1. |t Oxazaphosphorine (Cyclophosphamide, Ifosphamide) -- |g 13.2.2. |t Melphalan -- |g 13.2.3. |t Ethyleneimines (Thiotepa) -- |g 13.2.4. |t Busulfan -- |g 13.2.5. |t Methylhydrazines (Procarbazine) -- |g 13.3. |t Platinum-Containing Agents -- |g 13.4. |t Antimetabolites -- |g 13.4.1. |t Folic Acid Antagonist (Methotrexate) -- |g 13.4.2. |t Pyrimidine Analogs (5-Fluorouracil/Capecitabine/Tegafur) -- |g 13.4.3. |t Cytidine Analogs -- |g 13.4.3.1. |t Cytarabine and Gemcitabine -- |g 13.4.3.2. |t Azacitidine and Decitabine -- |g 13.4.4. |t Purine Analogs -- |g 13.4.4.1. |t 6-Thiopurine Analogs -- |g 13.4.4.2. |t Fludarabine Phosphate -- |g 13.5. |t Natural Products -- |g 13.5.1. |t Vinca Alkaloids (Vincristine) -- |g 13.5.2. |t Taxanes (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel) -- |g 13.5.3. |t Camptothecin Analogs -- |g 13.5.3.1. |t Topotecan -- |g 13.5.3.2. |t Irinotecan -- |g 13.5.4. |t Antibiotics -- |g 13.5.4.1. |t Dactinomycin -- |g 13.5.4.2. |t Anthracyclines -- |g 13.5.4.3. |t Epipodophyllotoxins -- |g 13.6. |t Endocrine Therapy -- |g 13.6.1. |t Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (Tamoxifen) -- |g 13.6.2. |t Aromatase Inhibitors -- |g 13.7. |t Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (Vorinostat) -- |g 13.8. |t Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors -- |g 13.9. |t Proteasome Inhibitor (Bortezomib) -- -- |g 14. |t Antimicrobial Agents -- |g 14.1. |t Introduction -- |g 14.2. |t Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of the Main Families of Antimicrobial Agents -- |g 14.2.1. |t Aminoglycosides -- |g 14.2.2. |t Vancomycin -- |g 14.2.3. |t β-Lactams -- |g 14.2.4. |t Antifungal Agents -- |g 14.2.5. |t Antiviral Agents (Non-HIV) -- |g 14.2.5.1. |t Drugs for Herpes Virus Infection -- |g 14.2.5.2. |t Drugs for Viral Hepatitis -- |g 14.2.5.3. |t Drugs against Respiratory Viruses -- |g 14.2.6. |t Anti-HIV Agents -- |g 14.3. |t Pharmacogenetics -- |g 14.4. |t Conclusions -- -- |g 15. |t Drugs against Acute and Chronic Pain -- |g 15.1. |t Introduction -- |g 15.2. |t Acute Pain -- |g 15.2.1. |t Dexmedotomidine -- |g 15.2.2. |t Paracetamol/Acetaminophen -- |g 15.2.3. |t Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs -- |g 15.2.3.1. |t Diclofenac -- |g 15.2.3.2. |t Flurbiprofen -- |g 15.2.3.3. |t Ibuprofen -- |g 15.2.3.4. |t Ketoprofen -- |g 15.2.3.5. |t Ketorolac -- |g 15.2.3.6. |t Meloxicam -- |g 15.2.3.7. |t Naproxen -- |g 15.2.4. |t Cyclooxygenase-2 Selective Inhibitors -- |g 15.2.4.1. |t Celecoxib -- |g 15.2.4.2. |t Etoricoxib -- |g 15.2.4.3. |t Parecoxib -- |g 15.3. |t Chronic Pain -- |g 15.3.1. |t Tricyclic Antidepressants -- |g 15.3.1.1. |t Amitriptyline -- |g 15.3.1.2. |t Nortriptyline -- |g 15.3.1.3. |t Imipramine -- |g 15.3.1.4. |t Desipramine -- |g 15.3.2. |t SNRIs -- |g 15.3.2.1. |t Duloxetine -- |g 15.3.2.2. |t Venlafaxine -- |g 15.3.3. |t SSRIs -- |g 15.3.3.1. |t Citalopram -- |g 15.3.3.2. |t Fluoxetine -- |g 15.3.3.3. |t Paroxetine -- |g 15.3.4. |t Ketamine -- |g 15.3.5. |t Antiepileptics -- |g 15.3.5.1. |t Carbamazepine -- |g 15.3.5.2. |t Valproate -- |g 15.3.6. |t Miscellaneous -- |g 15.3.6.1. |t Gabapentin -- |g 15.3.6.2. |t Pregabalin -- |g 15.3.6.3. |t Tapentadol -- |g 15.3.7. |t Opioids -- |g 15.3.7.1. |t Buprenorphine -- |g 15.3.7.2. |t Butorphanol -- |g 15.3.7.3. |t Codeine -- |g 15.3.7.4. |t Dextromoramide -- |g 15.3.7.5. |t Dextropropoxyphene -- |g 15.3.7.6. |t Dihydrocodeine -- |g 15.3.7.7. |t Alfentanil, Fentanyl, Sufentanil, and Remifentanil -- |g 15.3.7.8. |t Heroin (Diamorphine (3,6-Diacetylmorphine)) -- |g 15.3.7.9. |t Hydrocodone -- |g 15.3.7.10. |t Hydromorphone -- |g 15.3.7.11. |t Ketobemidone -- |g 15.3.7.12. |t l-α-Acetylmethadol -- |g 15.3.7.13. |t Levorphanol -- |g 15.3.7.14. |t Loperamide -- |g 15.3.7.15. |t Methadone -- |g 15.3.7.16. |t Morphine -- |g 15.3.7.17. |t Nalbuphine -- |g 15.3.7.18. |t Nicomorphine (3,6-Dinicotionylmorphine) -- |g 15.3.7.19. |t Oxycodone -- |g 15.3.7.20. |t Oxymorphone -- |g 15.3.7.21. |t Pentazocine -- |g 15.3.7.22. |t Pethidine -- |g 15.3.7.23. |t Piritramide -- |g 15.3.7.24. |t Tilidine -- |g 15.3.7.25. |t Tramadol. |
| 880 | 0 | 0 | |6 505-00/(S |g 6. |t Hydrolytic Enzymes -- |g 6.1. |t Carboxylesterases -- |g 6.1.1. |t Overview -- |g 6.1.2. |t Classification and Structural Features -- |g 6.1.2.1. |t Human Carboxylesterases -- |g 6.1.2.2. |t Salient Features of Carboxylesterases -- |g 6.1.2.3. |t Secondary and Crystal Structure -- |g 6.1.3. |t Catalytic Mechanism, Substrate Specificity, and Activators and Inhibitors -- |g 6.1.3.1. |t Catalytic Mechanism -- |g 6.1.3.2. |t Substrate Specificity -- |g 6.1.3.3. |t Activators and Inhibitors -- |g 6.1.4. |t Pharmacogenomics of Carboxylesterases -- |g 6.1.4.1. |t Polymorphisms -- |g 6.1.4.2. |t Interaction with the Cytochrome P450 Enzyme System -- |g 6.1.4.3. |t Interaction with UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases -- |g 6.1.4.4. |t Interactions with Drug Transporters -- |g 6.1.4.5. |t Drug-Insecticide Interactions -- |g 6.1.5. |t Comparison between Human and Animal Carboxylesterases -- |g 6.1.5.1. |t Tissue Distribution -- |g 6.1.5.2. |t Species-Specific Hydrolysis -- |g 6.1.5.3. |t Ontogenic Expression -- |g 6.1.5.4. |t Regulated Expression -- |g 6.2. |t Epoxide Hydrolases -- |g 6.2.1. |t Overview -- |g 6.2.2. |t Classification and Structural Features -- |g 6.2.3. |t Catalytic Mechanisms -- |g 6.2.4. |t Comparison among Various EHs -- |g 6.3. |t Paraoxonases -- |g 6.3.1. |t Overview -- |g 6.3.2. |t Classification and Structural Features -- |g 6.3.3. |t Catalytic Mechanism -- |g 6.4. |t Other Hydrolases -- |g 6.4.1. |t Carbonic Anhydrases -- |g 6.4.2. |t Cholinesterases -- |g 6.4.3. |t β-Glucuronidase -- |g 6.4.4. |t Lipases -- |g 6.4.5. |t Peptidases/Proteases -- |g 6.4.6. |t Valacylovirase -- -- |g 7. |t Transporting Systems -- |g 7.1. |t Introduction -- |g 7.2. |t Classification of Drug Transporters and Transport Mechanisms -- |g 7.3. |t Drug Transporters of the SLC Superfamily -- |g 7.4. |t ABC Drug Transporters -- |g 7.5. |t Drug Transporters and Disease -- |g 7.6. |t Drug Transporters and Pharmacokinetics -- |g 7.6.1. |t Intestinal Transporters -- |g 7.6.2. |t Hepatic Transporters -- |g 7.6.3. |t Renal Transporters -- |g 7.6.4. |t Transporters at the Blood-Brain Barrier -- |g 7.7. |t Role of Drug Transporters in Chemotherapy Resistance -- |g 7.8. |t Pharmacogenomics of Drug Transporters: Implications for Clinical Drug Response -- -- |g 8. |t Transcriptional Regulation of Human Drug-Metabolizing Cytochrome P450 Enzymes -- |g 8.1. |t Factors Affecting Drug-Metabolizing Cytochromes P450 -- |g 8.1.1. |t Genetic Polymorphism -- |g 8.1.2. |t Physiological and Pathophysiological Factors -- |g 8.1.3. |t Environmental Factors -- |g 8.2. |t Transcriptional Regulation of CYP -- |g 8.2.1. |t Xenoreceptors, and Steroid and Nuclear Receptors -- |g 8.2.1.1. |t Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor -- |g 8.2.1.2. |t Pregnane X Receptor -- |g 8.2.1.3. |t Constitutive Androstane Receptor -- |g 8.2.1.4. |t Steroid and Nuclear Receptors -- |g 8.2.2. |t Transcriptional Mechanisms -- |g 8.2.2.1. |t Direct Binding to the Gene Promoter -- |g 8.2.2.2. |t Indirect Binding to the Gene Promoter -- |g 8.2.2.3. |t Regulating the Regulator -- |g 8.2.3. |t Receptor Cross-Talk -- |g 8.2.3.1. |t Ligand Sharing -- |g 8.2.3.2. |t Response Element Sharing -- |g 8.2.3.3. |t Receptor Cascade -- |g 8.2.3.4. |t Coactivator Sharing -- |g 8.2.3.5. |t Metabolic Cross-Talk -- |g 8.2.4. |t Ligands-Agonists and Antagonists -- |g 8.3. |t Regulation of Drug-Metabolizing CYPs -- |g 8.3.1. |t CYP1A Subfamily -- |g 8.3.2. |t CYP1B1 -- |g 8.3.3. |t CYP2A6 -- |g 8.3.4. |t CYP2B6 -- |g 8.3.5. |t CYP2C Subfamily -- |g 8.3.6. |t CYP3A Subfamily -- -- |g 9. |t Importance of Pharmacogenomics -- |g 9.1. |t Introduction -- |g 9.2. |t Pharmacogenetic Polymorphisms -- |g 9.2.1. |t Lessons from Early Examples -- |g 9.2.2. |t Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms -- |g 9.2.3. |t Polymorphisms in Further Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes -- |g 9.2.4. |t Polymorphic Drug Transporters -- |g 9.3. |t Polygenic and Multifactorial Aspects of Drug Metabolism Phenotype -- |g 9.3.1. |t Polygenic Inheritance: CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Conundrums -- |g 9.3.2. |t Epigenetic Influences on Drug Metabolism -- |g 9.4. |t Genomics Technologies and Approaches -- |g 9.4.1. |t GWAS-A Matured Tool in Pharmacogenomics -- |g 9.4.2. |t Genetical Genomics: Identifying Novel Polymorphic ADME Genes -- |g 9.5. |t Conclusions -- -- |g Part Two. |t Metabolism of Drugs -- -- |g 10. |t Introduction to Drug Metabolism -- |g 10.1. |t Introduction -- |g 10.2. |t Historical Aspects -- |g 10.3. |t Diversity of Drug Metabolic Pathways -- |g 10.4. |t Influence of Drug Metabolism on Pharmacological Activity -- |g 10.5. |t Biotoxification -- |g 10.6. |t Extrahepatic Drug Metabolism -- |g 10.7. |t Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism Activity -- |g 10.7.1. |t Genetic Polymorphism -- |g 10.7.2. |t Sex -- |g 10.7.3. |t Age -- |g 10.7.4. |t Influence of Diseases and Pathophysiological Factors -- |g 10.7.5. |t Environmental Influences -- |g 10.8. |t Conclusions -- -- |g 11. |t Central Nervous System Drugs -- |g 11.1. |t Introduction -- |g 11.2. |t Antidepressants -- |g 11.2.1. |t Tricyclic Antidepressants and Structurally Related Compounds -- |g 11.2.2. |t SSRIs -- |g 11.2.3. |t Other Recent Antidepressants -- |g 11.2.4. |t MAO Inhibitors -- |g 11.3. |t Antipsychotics -- |g 11.3.1. |t Phenothiazines and Thioxanthenes -- |g 11.3.2. |t Butyrophenones and Related Compounds -- |g 11.3.3. |t Atypical Antipsychotics -- |g 11.4. |t Tranquillizers and Hypnotic Agents -- |g 11.5. |t Psychostimulants -- |g 11.6. |t Anticonvulsants and Mood Stabilizers -- |g 11.7. |t Agents for Dementia and Cognitive Enhancers -- |g 11.8. |t Antimigraine Drugs -- |g 11.9. |t Other Drugs -- |g 11.10. |t Conclusions. |
| 880 | 0 | 0 | |6 505-01/(S |g 16. |t Drugs of Abuse (Including Designer Drugs) -- |g 16.1. |t Introduction -- |g 16.2. |t Classic Drugs of Abuse -- |g 16.2.1. |t Morphine and Heroin -- |g 16.2.2. |t Cocaine -- |g 16.2.3. |t THC -- |g 16.2.4. |t Amphetamine/Methamphetamine -- |g 16.2.5. |t LSD -- |g 16.2.6. |t PCP -- |g 16.3. |t Designer Drugs of Abuse -- |g 16.3.1. |t Amphetamine Derivatives -- |g 16.3.1.1. |t Methylenedioxyamphetamines -- |g 16.3.1.2. |t p-Substituted Amphetamines -- |g 16.3.1.3. |t 2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamines -- |g 16.3.2. |t Phenethylamines (2Cs) -- |g 16.3.2.1. |t 2C-B -- |g 16.3.2.2. |t 2C-I -- |g 16.3.2.3. |t 2C-D -- |g 16.3.2.4. |t 2C-E -- |g 16.3.2.5. |t 2C-T-2 -- |g 16.3.2.6. |t 2C-T-7 -- |g 16.3.2.7. |t Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of 2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamines -- |g 16.3.3. |t Cathinones -- |g 16.3.3.1. |t Methylone -- |g 16.3.3.2. |t Butylone -- |g 16.3.3.3. |t Ethylone -- |g 16.3.3.4. |t Mephedrone -- |g 16.3.4. |t Phencyclidine Derivatives -- |g 16.3.4.1. |t N-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)-3-ethoxypropylamine (PCEPA) and N-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)-3-methoxypropanamine (PCMPA) -- |g 16.3.4.2. |t N-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)propanamine (PCPr) -- |g 16.3.4.3. |t N-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)-2-ethoxyethanamine (PCEEA) and N-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)-2-methoxyethanamine (PCMEA) -- |g 16.3.4.4. |t Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Phencyclidine Derivatives -- |g 16.3.5. |t Piperazines -- |g 16.3.5.1. |t N-BZP -- |g 16.3.5.2. |t 1-(3,4-Methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine (MDBP) -- |g 16.3.5.3. |t 1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) -- |g 16.3.5.4. |t 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) -- |g 16.3.5.5. |t 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP) -- |g 16.3.6. |t Pyrrolidinophenones -- |g 16.3.6.1. |t α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (PPP) -- |g 16.3.6.2. |t 4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MOPPP) -- |g 16.3.6.3. |t Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MDPPP) -- |g 16.3.6.4. |t 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MPPP) -- |g 16.3.6.5. |t 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP) -- |g 16.3.6.6. |t 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (MPBP) -- |g 16.3.6.7. |t 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) -- |g 16.3.6.8. |t 3',4'-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) -- |g 16.3.7. |t Tryptamines -- |g 16.3.7.1. |t 5-Methoxy-diisopropyl-tryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) -- -- |g 17. |t Nicotine Metabolism and its Implications -- |g 17.1. |t Introduction -- |g 17.2. |t Absorption and Distribution of Nicotine -- |g 17.2.1. |t Absorption -- |g 17.2.2. |t Distribution -- |g 17.3. |t Excretion of Nicotine -- |g 17.4. |t Metabolism of Nicotine -- |g 17.4.1. |t Primary Metabolites of Nicotine -- |g 17.4.2. |t Secondary Metabolites of Nicotine -- |g 17.4.3. |t Tertiary Metabolite of Nicotine -- |g 17.5. |t Sources of Variation in Nicotine Metabolism -- |g 17.5.1. |t Genetic -- |g 17.5.1.1. |t CYP2A6 and Nicotine C-Oxidation -- |g 17.5.1.2. |t Using the 3'-Hydroxycotinine : Cotinine Ratio as an In Vivo Probe for CYP2A6 Activity -- |g 17.5.1.3. |t Interethnic Variability in Nicotine C-Oxidation -- |g 17.5.1.4. |t Genetic Influences on Other Nicotine-Metabolizing Enzymes -- |g 17.5.2. |t Gender and Pregnancy -- |g 17.5.3. |t Age -- |g 17.5.4. |t Meals and the Chronopharmacokinetics of Nicotine -- |g 17.5.5. |t Xenobiotics -- |g 17.5.6. |t Smoking -- |g 17.5.7. |t Menthol -- |g 17.5.8. |t Other Factors -- |g 17.6. |t Implications of Variation in Nicotine Metabolism and CYP2A6 Activity -- |g 17.6.1. |t Variation in Nicotine Metabolism is Associated with Altered Smoking Behaviors -- |g 17.6.2. |t Variation in Nicotine Metabolism May Alter the Health Consequences of Smoking -- |g 17.6.3. |t Variation in Nicotine Metabolism Alters Smoking Cessation Outcomes -- |g 17.7. |t Conclusions -- -- |g 18. |t Metabolism of Alcohol and its Consequences -- |g 18.1. |t Introduction -- |g 18.2. |t Properties and Sources of Ethanol -- |g 18.2.1. |t Chemical Properties of Ethanol -- |g 18.2.2. |t Ethanol Content of Alcoholic Beverages -- |g 18.2.3. |t Ethanol Generation in the Human Body -- |g 18.3. |t Ethanol Absorption and Elimination -- |g 18.3.1. |t Ethanol Absorption and Ethanol Blood Levels -- |g 18.3.2. |t Calculation of Ethanol Elimination Using the Widmark Equation -- |g 18.4. |t Ethanol Metabolism -- |g 18.4.1. |t Ethanol Metabolism via ADH -- |g 18.4.2. |t Gastric FPM of Ethanol -- |g 18.4.3. |t Ethanol Metabolism via the MEOS -- |g 18.4.4. |t Ethanol Metabolism via Catalase -- |g 18.4.5. |t Nonoxidative Metabolism of Ethanol -- |g 18.4.6. |t Acetaldehyde Metabolism via ALDH -- -- |g Part Three. |t Metabolism of Natural Compounds -- -- |g 19. |t Introduction and Overview -- |g 19.1. |t Introduction -- |g 19.1.1. |t Sources and Functional Importance of Natural Products -- |g 19.1.2. |t Plant Products as Drugs: A Historical Perspective -- |g 19.1.3. |t Considerations with the Use of Natural Products as Drugs -- |g 19.1.4. |t Biotransformation of Natural Products -- |g 19.1.5. |t Classes of Natural Products -- |g 19.2. |t Terpenoids: A Structurally Complex Group of Natural Products -- |g 19.2.1. |t Terpenoid Biosynthesis -- |g 19.2.2. |t Biotransformation of Terpenoids -- |g 19.2.2.1. |t Monoterpenoids -- |g 19.2.2.2. |t Sesquiterpenoids -- |g 19.2.2.3. |t Diterpenoids -- |g 19.2.2.4. |t Triterpenoids -- |g 19.2.2.5. |t Triterpenoids -- |g 19.3. |t Other Classes of Natural Products -- |g 19.3.1. |t Biosynthesis of Polyketides, Shikimates, and Alkaloids -- |g 19.3.2. |t Biotransformation of Important Polyketides, Shikimates, and Alkaloids in Man -- |g 19.4. |t Summary and Conclusions. |
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