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Dispersion of powders in liquids and stabilization of suspensions /
Teaching the fundamental knowledge required for successful dispersion of powders in a liquid, this book covers a host of topics -- from recent advances to industrial applications. In 15 chapters it supports formulation chemists in preparing a suspension in a more rational way, by applying the princi...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Hoboken :
John Wiley & Sons,
2012.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Dispersion of Powders in Liquids and Stabilization of Suspensions; Contents; Preface; 1: General Introduction; 1.1 Fundamental Knowledge Required for Successful Dispersion of Powders into Liquids; 1.1.1 Wetting of Powder into Liquid; 1.1.2 Breaking of Aggregates and Agglomerates into Individual Units; 1.1.3 Wet Milling or Comminution; 1.1.4 Stabilization of the Resulting Dispersion; 1.1.5 Prevention of Ostwald Ripening (Crystal Growth); 1.1.6 Prevention of Sedimentation and Formation of Compact Sediments (Clays); 1.2 Particle Dimensions in Suspensions; 1.3 Concentration Range of Suspensions.
- 1.4 Outline of the BookReferences; 2: Fundamentals of Wetting and Spreading; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Concept of the Contact Angle; 2.2.1 The Contact Angle; 2.2.2 Wetting Line
- Three-Phase Line (Solid/Liquid/Vapor); 2.2.3 Thermodynamic Treatment
- Young's Equation; 2.3 Adhesion Tension; 2.4 Work of Adhesion Wa; 2.5 Work of Cohesion; 2.6 Calculation of Surface Tension and Contact Angle; 2.6.1 Good and Girifalco Approach; 2.6.2 Fowkes Treatment; 2.7 The Spreading of Liquids on Surfaces; 2.7.1 The Spreading Coefficient S; 2.8 Contact Angle Hysteresis; 2.8.1 Reasons for Hysteresis.
- 2.8.2 Wenzel's EquationReferences; 3: The Critical Surface Tension of Wetting and the Role of Surfactants in Powder Wetting; 3.1 The Critical Surface Tension of Wetting; 3.2 Theoretical Basis of the Critical Surface Tension; 3.3 Effect of Surfactant Adsorption; 3.4 Dynamic Processes of Adsorption and Wetting; 3.4.1 General Theory of Adsorption Kinetics; 3.4.2 Adsorption Kinetics from Micellar Solutions; 3.4.3 Experimental Techniques for Studying Adsorption Kinetics; 3.4.3.1 The Drop Volume Technique; 3.4.3.2 Maximum Bubble Pressure Technique; 3.5 Wetting of Powders by Liquids.
- 3.5.1 Rate of Penetration of Liquids: The Rideal-Washburn Equation3.5.2 Measurement of Contact Angles of Liquids and Surfactant Solutions on Powders; 3.5.3 Assessment of Wettability of Powders; 3.5.3.1 Sinking Time, Submersion, or Immersion Test; 3.5.3.2 List of Wetting Agents for Hydrophobic Solids in Water; References; 4: Structure of the Solid-Liquid Interface and Electrostatic Stabilization; 4.1 Structure of the Solid-Liquid Interface; 4.1.1 Origin of Charge on Surfaces; 4.1.1.1 Surface Ions; 4.1.1.2 Isomorphic Substitution; 4.2 Structure of the Electrical Double Layer.
- 4.2.1 Diffuse Double Layer (Gouy and Chapman)4.2.2 Stern-Grahame Model of the Double Layer; 4.3 Distinction between Specific and Nonspecific Adsorbed Ions; 4.4 Electrical Double-Layer Repulsion; 4.5 van der Waals Attraction; 4.6 Total Energy of Interaction; 4.6.1 Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek Theory; 4.7 Flocculation of Suspensions; 4.8 Criteria for Stabilization of Dispersions with Double-Layer Interaction; References; 5: Electrokinetic Phenomena and Zeta Potential; 5.1 Stern-Grahame Model of the Double Layer; 5.2 Calculation of Zeta Potential from Particle Mobility.