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Environmental hazards : the fluid dynamics and geophysics of extreme events /
The Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the National University of Singapore hosted a Spring School on Fluid Dynamics and Geophysics of Environmental Hazards from 19 April to 2 May 2009. This volume contains the content of the nine short lecture courses given at this School, with a focus mainly o...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autores Corporativos: | , |
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico Congresos, conferencias eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Singapore :
World Scientific,
©2011.
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| Colección: | Lecture notes series (National University of Singapore. Institute for Mathematical Sciences) ;
v. 21. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Foreword; Preface; 1. A Brief Introduction to Vortex Dynamics and Turbulence H. Keith Moffatt; 1. Introduction; 2. Vorticity and the Biot-Savart Law; 3. The Euler Equation and its Invariants; 4. The Stretched Vortex of Burgers (1948); 5. Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability; 6. Transient Instability and Streamwise Vortices; 7. Turbulence, Viewed as a Random Field of Vorticity; 8. The Kolmogorov-Obukhov Energy-Cascade Theory; Acknowledgments; References; 2. Geophysical and Environmental Fluid Dynamics Tieh-Yong Koh and Paul F. Linden; 1. Introduction; 2. Stratified Flows.
- 2.1. Surface Gravity Waves2.1.1. Dimensional analysis; 2.1.2. Exact dispersion relation; 2.2. Froude Number; 2.3. Stratification and Buoyancy Frequency; 2.4. Internal Gravity Waves; 2.5. Mountain Waves; 2.6. Mass, Momentum and Energy Fluxes; 3. Convection; 3.1. Unstable Stratification; 3.2. Parcel Argument; 3.3. Dimensional Analysis; 3.3.1. Rayleigh number; 3.4. Convection Strength; 3.5. High Rayleigh Number; 3.6. Very High Rayleigh Number; 4. Plumes; 4.1. Plumes-Dimensional Analysis; 4.2. Entrainment; 4.2.1. Entrainment assumption; 4.3. Self-similarity; 4.4. Plume Rise in a Stratified Fluid.
- 4.4.1. Dimensional analysis4.4.2. Impact on the external environment
- the "filling box"; 4.5. Fires; 5. Gravity Currents; 5.1. Horizontal Stratification; 5.2. Gravity Currents; 5.2.1. Dimensional analysis; 5.2.1.1. Constant velocity phase; 5.2.1.2. Similarity phase; 5.2.2. Laboratory verification; 5.3. The Front Froude Number; 6. Rotating Flows; 6.1. Rotating Frame and the Coriolis Force; 6.2. Inertial Oscillations; 6.3. Rossby Radius of Deformation and Eddies; 6.4. Buoyancy-Driven Coastal Currents; References; 3. Weather and Climate Emily Shuckburgh; 1. Introduction.
- 2. Forcing of the Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation2.1. Atmospheric Properties; 2.2. Solar Forcing; 2.3. Greenhouse Effect; 2.4. Radiative Transfer; 2.5. Climate Change; 2.6. Further Atmospheric Properties; 2.7. Oceanic Properties; 2.8. Ocean Forcing; 3. Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Oceans; 3.1. Role of Dynamics; 3.2. Rotating Fluids; 3.3. Weather and Climate Models; 3.4. Dynamical Processes; 3.5. General Circulation of the Atmosphere; 3.6. Ocean Circulation; 3.7. Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling; 4. Conclusions; References.
- 4. Dynamics of the Indian and Pacific Oceans Swadhin Behera and Toshio Yamagata1. Introduction; 2. The Tropical Climate Modes; 2.1. The ENSO; 2.2. The ENSO Modoki; 2.2.1. Ocean-atmosphere coupling; 2.2.2. ENSO Modoki vs ENSO impacts; 2.3. The Indian Ocean Dipole; 2.3.1. Ocean-atmosphere coupling; 2.3.2. Triggering and termination processes; 2.3.3. IOD impacts; 2.3.4. IOD predictions; 3. IOD, ENSO and ENSO Modoki Interactions; 4. Discussions; References; 5. The Hurricane-Climate Connection Kerry Emanuel; 1. Introduction; 2. Tropical Cyclone Variability in the Instrumental Record.