Cargando…
Interspecific Competition in Birds.
In nature there exist three main types of biotic interactions between individuals of different species: competition, predation, and mutualism. All three exert powerful selection pressures, and all three shape communities. However, the question of how important interspecific competition in nature rea...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Oxford :
OUP Oxford,
2011.
|
| Colección: | Oxford Avian Biology.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Contents; Introduction; 1.1 The study of biotic interactions in nature; 1.2 Criticism as to the importance of interspecific competition; 1.3 Tits to the rescue; 1.4 The paradox of competition as illustrated by Kluijver and Lack; 1.5 The conflict on the importance of interspecific competition in North America; 1.6 Conclusions; 2 Definitions, models, and how to measure the existence of interspecific competition; 2.1 Definitions: effects on individuals or populations?; 2.2 Models and equations: logistic, theta logistic, and Lotka-Volterra; 2.3 Conclusions.
- 2.4 The structure of the rest of the book3 Space as a limiting resource; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Buffer Hypothesis was developed from studies of tit populations and is probably generally important; 3.3 Winter social organization determines when space is limiting; 3.4 Interspecific territoriality; 3.5 Conclusions; 4 Food as a limiting resource; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The classical case of beech mast: correlation is not causation; 4.3 Experimental evidence that food does actually influence winter survival or the size of the following breeding population.
- 4.4 Behavioural responses to winter cold and predation risk: costs and benefits of flocking4.5 Individual responses to managing body fat reserves in the context of food availability and predator presence; 4.6 Pre-breeding food supplementation effects on reproduction; 4.7 Food manipulations during the breeding season; 4.8 Predation by birds and other taxa can reduce food availability and thus have indirect effects; 4.9 Food supplementation experiments as a conservation tool; 4.10 Conclusions; 5 Nest sites as a limiting resource; 5.1 Are nest sites limiting in cup-nesting species?
- 5.2 Are cavities limiting for cavity nesters?5.3 Are cavities in natural forests superabundant?; 5.4 Studies of nest web communities; 5.5 Conclusions; 6 The effect of intraspecific competition on population processes; 6.1 Intraspecific competition seems to be generally important in birds; 6.2 Case studies show variation in what processes are affected by density-dependence; 6.3 Density-dependence in introduced populations; 6.4 Mechanisms resulting in density-dependence: the importance of habitat heterogeneity; 6.5 Density-dependence in titmice; 6.6 Conclusion.
- 7 Studies of foraging niches and food7.1 The early studies of foraging behaviour emphasized differences between species; 7.2 In the 1970s observational arguments were used to document the existence of interspecific competition. These arguments only convinced the believers; 7.3 Field and cage experiments provided conclusive evidence as to the effect of interspecific interactions on the foraging niches used; 7.4 Measures of fitness-related traits are needed, however, to prove the existence of interspecific competition.