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Making the Most of Scarcity : Accountability for Better Water Management in the Middle East and North Africa.
Water in the Middle East and North Africa region already causes major social and economic problems, resulting from insufficient supply, unreliable services and environmental damage. Per capita availability will fall by half by 2050, water quality is deteriorating, many aquifers are on the verge of e...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
World Bank Group
2007.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
MARC
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| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Making the Most of Scarcity : |b Accountability for Better Water Management in the Middle East and North Africa. |
| 260 | |b World Bank Group |c 2007. | ||
| 300 | |a 1 online resource (268) | ||
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| 505 | 0 | |a Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Overview -- Chapter 158; Factors Inside and Outside the Water Sector Drive MENA39;s Water Outcomes -- Hydrology Is Important44; but Institutions and Policies Determine How Well Countries Manage the Water They Have -- Many Factors Driving Poor Water Outcomes Come from Outside the Water Sector -- MENA Countries Are Facing New Water Challenges -- The Region Faces Three Types of Scarcity -- The Pace of Reform Is Determined by the Political Economy -- Structure of the Report -- Chapter 258; Progress44; but Problems -- Progress Dealing with Scarcity of the Physical Resource -- Progress Dealing with Organizational Scarcity -- Progress Dealing with Scarcity of Accountability -- Conclusion -- Chapter 358; Several Factors That Drive the Politics of Water Reform Are Changing -- Economic Forces Driving Change -- Environmental Forces Driving Change -- Social Forces Driving Change -- International Drivers of Change -- Institutional Changes That Can Reduce the Social Impact of Reform -- Conclusion -- Chapter 458; MENA Countries Can Leverage the Potential for Change by Improving External Accountability -- Strong Economies and Accountability Mechanisms Have Helped Some Arid Countries Reform Water Management -- MENA39;s Water Organizations Are Operating in an Environment of Inadequate Accountability to Users -- How Does External Accountability Relate to Water Outcomes63; -- Conclusions -- Chapter 558; MENA Countries Can Meet the Water Management Challenges of the Twenty45;First Century -- Options for Nonwater Policy Makers to Affect Political Opportunities -- Options for Improving Accountability within the Water Sector -- Applying the Approach in Practice -- Conclusion -- Appendixes -- Appendix 1 Water Resources Data -- Appendix 2 Water Services Data -- Appendix 3 Country Profiles -- Appendix 4 Case Studies58; Mitigating Risks and Conflict -- References -- Index -- List of Tables -- Table 146;1 Perverse Incentives for Excess Irrigation -- Table 146;2 Public Expenditure on Water44; as a Share of GDP -- Table 1 Total Dam Capacity and Share of Freshwater Stored in Reservoirs44; by Country -- Table 2 Desalination Capacity in Non45;Gulf MENA Countries -- Table 3 Percentage of Population with Access to Improved Water and Basic Sanitation -- Table 4 Area Equipped for Irrigation in MENA44; 2000 -- Table 5 Strength of Environmental NGOs in the MENA Region -- Table 346;1 Returns to Water Use in the MENA Region44; by Crop -- Table 346;2 Fruit and Vegetables39; Annual Growth Rates44; 19808211;2000 -- Table 346;3 The Fiscal Context of Irrigation and Water Supply Sector Reforms -- Table 346;4 Socioeconomic Implications of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Some Middle Eastern Countries -- Table 346;5 Mechanisms for Resolving Conflict over Water58; Tradition versus Modernity -- Table 446;1 Selected Operating Performance Indicators for MENA Water Utilities -- Table 446;2 Excess Cost of Vended Water Compared with Utility Water in Selected MENA Cities -- Table 546;1 Institutional Responsibility for Water Management -- Table A146;1 Actual Renewable Water Resources per Capita44; by Region -- Table A146;2 Renewable Water Resources Withdrawn44; by Region -- Table A146;3 Total Renewable Water Resources Withdrawn per Capita44; by Region -- Table A146;4 Total Renewable Water Resources per Capita44; by Country -- Table A146;5 Water Avai. | |
| 520 | |a Water in the Middle East and North Africa region already causes major social and economic problems, resulting from insufficient supply, unreliable services and environmental damage. Per capita availability will fall by half by 2050, water quality is deteriorating, many aquifers are on the verge of exhaustion, and climate change may alter rainfall patterns. Unless current practices change, then, the situation will worsen considerably. For years, water professionals have been advocating comprehensive water reforms. Yet, although most countries have made considerable progress improving water policies and institutions, some of the most important elements of reform have remained politically intractable. Now, a series of factors are emerging that represent a potential opportunity to break this impasse. Turning the potential into real improved water outcomes will depend upon three things. First, developing reform proposals that that respond to the dynamics of the political economy. Second, recognizing that the water sector cannot act alone. Some of the reforms that will have most impact on water outcomes relate to policies such as trade, agriculture, finance, energy, and social protection. Third, implementing policies and practices that increase accountability of government institutions and service providers to the public. | ||
| 590 | |a ProQuest Ebook Central |b Ebook Central Academic Complete | ||
| 650 | 0 | |a Water conservation |z Middle East. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Water conservation |z Africa, North. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Water-supply |x Government policy |z Middle East. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Water-supply |x Government policy |z Africa, North. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Water-supply |x International cooperation. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Water consumption |x Measurement. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Eau |x Conservation |z Afrique du Nord. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Eau |x Approvisionnement |x Politique gouvernementale |z Afrique du Nord. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Eau |x Approvisionnement |x Coopération internationale. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Water conservation |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Water consumption |x Measurement |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Water-supply |x Government policy |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Water-supply |x International cooperation |2 fast | |
| 651 | 7 | |a North Africa |2 fast | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Middle East |2 fast | |
| 655 | 4 | |a Electronic resource. | |
| 720 | |a World Bank. | ||
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