Cargando…
4D Electron Microscopy : Imaging In Space And Time.
The modern electron microscope, as a result of recent revolutionary developments and many evolutionary ones, now yields a wealth of quantitative knowledge pertaining to structure, dynamics, and function barely matched by any other single scientific instrument. It is also poised to contribute much ne...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
World Scientific
2009.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover13;
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- 1. Historical Perspectives: From Camera Obscura to 4D Imaging
- References
- 2. Concepts of Coherence: Optics, Diffraction, and Imaging
- 2.1 Coherence 8212; A Simplified Prelude
- 2.2 Optical Coherence and Decoherence
- 2.3 Coherence in Diffraction
- 2.3.1 Rayleigh criterion and resolution
- 2.3.2 Diffraction from atoms and molecules
- 2.4 Coherence and Diffraction in Crystallography
- 2.5 Coherence in Imaging
- 2.5.1 Basic concepts
- 2.5.2 Coherence of the source, lateral and temporal
- 2.5.3 Imaging in electron microscopy
- 2.6 Instrumental Factors Limiting Coherence
- References
- 3. From 2D to 3D Structural Imaging: Salient Concepts
- 3.1 2D and 3D Imaging
- 3.2 Electron Crystallography: Combining Diffraction and Imaging
- 3.3 High-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
- 3.3.1 Use of STEM for electron tomography of inorganic materials
- 3.4 Biological and Other Organic Materials
- 3.4.1 Macromolecular architecture visualized by cryo-electron tomography
- 3.5 Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy and Imaging by Energy-Filtered TEM
- 3.5.1 Combined EELS and ET in cellular biology
- 3.6 Electron Holography
- References
- 4. Applications of 2D and 3D Imaging and Related Techniques
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Real-Space Crystallography via HRTEM and HRSTEM
- 4.2.1 Encapsulated nanocrystalline structures
- 4.2.2 Nanocrystalline catalyst particles of platinum
- 4.2.3 Microporous catalysts and molecular sieves
- 4.2.4 Other zeolite structures
- 4.2.5 Structures of complex catalytic oxides solved by HRSTEM
- 4.2.6 The value of electron diffraction in solving 3D structures
- 4.3 Electron Tomography
- 4.4 Electron Holography
- 4.5 Electron Crystallography
- 4.5.1 Other complex inorganic structures
- 4.5.2 Complex biological structures
- 4.6 Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy and Imaging
- 4.7 Atomic Resolution in an Environmental TEM
- 4.7.1 Atomic-scale electron microscopy at ambient pressure by exploiting the technology of microelectromechanical systems
- References
- 5. 4D Electron Imaging in Space and Time: Principles
- 5.1 Atomic-Scale Resolution in Time
- 5.1.1 Matter particle8211;wave duality
- 5.1.2 Analogy with light
- 5.1.3 Classical atoms: Wave packets
- 5.1.4 Paradigm case study: Two atoms
- 5.2 From Stop-Motion Photography to Ultrafast Imaging
- 5.2.1 High-speed shutters
- 5.2.2 Stroboscopy
- 5.2.3 Ultrafast techniques
- 5.2.4 Ultrafast lasers
- 5.3 Single-Electron Imaging
- 5.3.1 Coherence of ultrafast packets
- 5.3.2 The double-slit experiment revisited
- 5.3.3 Ultrafast versus fast imaging
- 5.3.4 The velocity mismatch and attosecond regime
- 5.4 4D Microscopy: Brightness, Coherence and Degeneracy
- 5.4.1 Coherence volume and degeneracy
- 5.4.2 Brightness and degeneracy
- 5.4.3 Coherence and Contrast
- 5.4.4 Contrast, dose, and resolution
- Further Reading
- References
- 6. 4D Ultrafast Electron Imaging: Developments and Applications
- 6.1 Developments at Caltech 8212; A Brief History
- 6.2 Instruments and Techniques
- 6.3 Structure, Morphology, and Mechanics
- 6.3.1 Selected-area image (diffraction) dynamics
- 6.3.2 Dynamical morphology: Time-dependent warping
- 6.3.3 Proof of principle: Gold dynamics
- 6.3.4 Prototypical case: Graphite in 4D space.