Cargando…
Informal logic : a pragmatic approach /
"Informal Logic is an introductory guidebook to the basic principles of constructing sound arguments and criticizing bad ones. Non-technical in approach, it is based on 186 examples, which Douglas Walton, a leading authority in the field of informal logic, discusses and evaluates in clear, illu...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Leiden :
Cambridge University Press,
©2008.
|
| Edición: | 2nd ed. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1. Argument as reasoned dialogue
- 1.1. Types of argumentative dialogue
- 1.2. Components of argumentative dialogue
- 1.3. Persuasion dialogue (critical discussion)
- 1.4. Negative rules of persuasion dialogue
- 1.5. Some major informal fallacies
- 6. The straw man fallacy
- 1.7. Argument from consequences
- 1.8. The critical perspective
- 2. Questions and answers in dialogue
- 2.1. Presuppositions of questions
- 2.2. Complex questions
- 2.3. Have you stopped abusing your spouse?
- 2.4. Disjunctive questions
- 2.5. Arguments from ignorance
- 2.6. Replying to a question with a question
- 2.7. Begging the question
- 2.8. Questions in polls
- 2.9. Advocacy and push polling
- 2.10. Question-answer rules in dialogue
- 3. Criticisms of irrelevance
- 3.1. Allegations of irrelevance
- 3.2. Global irrelevance
- 3.3. Question-answer relevance
- 3.4. Setting an agenda for a discussion
- 3.5. Red herring versus wrong conclusion
- 3.6. Varieties of criticisms of irrelevance
- 3.7. Summary.
- 4. Appeals to emotion
- 4.1. Argumentum ad populum
- 4.2. The argument from popularity
- 4.3. Problems with appeals to popularity
- 4.4. Threatening appeals to force
- 4.5. Further ad baculum problems
- 4.6. Appeals to pity
- 4.7. Overt, pictorial appeals to pity
- 4.8. Summary
- 5. Valid arguments
- 5.1. Deductive validity
- 5.2. Identifying arguments
- 5.3. Validity as a semantic concept
- 5.4. Valid forms of argument
- 5.5. Invalid arguments
- 5.6. Inconsistency
- 5.7. Composition and division
- 5.8. Defeasible reasoning
- 5.9. Jumping to a conclusion
- 5.10. Summary
- 6. Personal attack in argumentation
- 6.1. The abusive ad hominem argument
- 6.2. The circumstantial ad hominem argument
- 6.3. The attack on an arguer's impartiality
- 6.4. Non-fallacious ad hominem arguments
- 6.5. Replying to a personal attack
- 6.6. Critical questions for an ad hominem argument
- 6.7. Important types of error to check
- 6.8. Some cases for further discussion.
- 7. Appeals to authority
- 7.1. Reasonable appeals to authority
- 7.2. Argumentation scheme for appeal to expert opinion
- 7.3. Critical questions for the appeal to expert opinion
- 7.4. Three common errors in citing expert opinions
- 7.5. Evaluating appeals to expert opinion in written sources
- 7.6. Expert testimony in legal argumentation
- 7.7. How expert is the authority?
- 7.8. Interpreting what the expert said
- 7.9. A balanced view of argument from expert opinion
- 8. Inductive errors, bias, and fallacies
- 8.1. Meaningless and unknowable statistics
- 8.2. Sampling procedures
- 8.3. Insufficient and biased statistics
- 8.4. Questionable questions and definitions
- 8.5. The post hoc argument
- 8.6. Six kinds of post hoc errors
- 8.7. Bias due to defining variables
- 8.8. Post hoc criticisms as raising critical questions in an inquiry
- 8.9. Strengthening causal arguments by answering critical questions
- 8.10. Examples of drawing causal conclusions from scientific studies
- 8.11. Summary
- 9. Natural language argumentation
- 9.1. Ambiguity and vagueness
- 9.2. Loaded terms and question-begging language
- 9.3. Equivocation and amphiboly
- 9.4. Arguments based on analogy
- 9.5. Argumentative use of analogy
- 9.6. Criticizing arguments from analogy
- 9.7. Slippery slope arguments
- 9.8. Subtle equivocations
- 9.9. Variability of strictness of standards
- 9.10. Conclusions
- Bibliography
- Index.