Cargando…
Females are mosaics : X inactivation and sex differences in disease /
Women can be described as genetic mosaics because they have two distinctly different types of cells throughout their bodies. Unlike males, who have one X chromosome (inherited from their mother), females have two X chromosomes in every cell (one from each parent). The fathers copy works in some cell...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Oxford ; New York :
Oxford University Press,
2007.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Introduction; PART I. BACKGROUND; Chapter 1 Sex Differences in Disease; 1.1. Males More Vulnerable at Every Age; 1.2. Vulnerability of Males Leads to Sex-Specific Disease; 1.3. Summary and Speculations; Chapter 2 Evolution of the Human Sex Chromosomes and a Portrait of the Human X; 2.1. Chromosomal Basis of Sex Determination; 2.2. The Human Sex Chromosomes Evolved from Reptilian Autosomes; 2.3. Degeneration of the Y Chromosome; 2.4. Ohno's Law and the Conservation of the Original X; 2.5. Residual Homology and the Pseudoautosomal Regions; 2.6. Genetic Portrait of the Human X.
- 2.7. Summary and SpeculationsChapter 3 X Chromosome Dosage Compensation: An Overview; 3.1. X Chromosome Dosage Compensation; 3.2. Heterochromatin and Chromosome Silencing; 3.3. Role in Sex Determination; 3.4. Mechanisms of Dosage Compensation in Other Organisms; 3.5. Mechanisms of Dosage Compensation in Mammals; 3.6. Summary and Speculations; Chapter 4 The Discovery of X Chromosome Inactivation; 4.1. The Lyon Hypothesis; 4.2. General Scheme of Mammalian Dosage Compensation; 4.3. Summary and Speculations; Chapter 5 Experimental Models for X Inactivation Studies.
- 5.1. Spontaneous Human Mutations that Interfere with Inactivation5.2. X-Linked Protein Variants Distinguish Parental Origin of X Chromosomes; 5.3. Characterizing the Inactive X in Human Cell Cultures and Clones; 5.4. Mouse-Human Hybrids Separate Inactive from Active X; 5.5. Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Manipulating the Early Steps in X Inactivation; 5.6. Transgenic Mice as a Functional Assay; 5.7. Assays for X Inactivation Patterns in Heterozygotes; 5.8. Summary and Speculations; PART II. THEMES AND VARIATIONS OF X INACTIVATION.
- Chapter 6 Theme 1: The Initial Steps-Creating the Active and Inactive X6.1. Characteristics of the Inactive X Chromosome; 6.2. Time of Initiation in the Embryo; 6.3. Cis Inactivation; 6.4. The Master Control Region: XIC and Xist; 6.5. Silencing the Inactive X Chromosome; 6.6. Choosing the Active X Chromosome; 6.7. Summary and Speculations; Chapter 7 Theme 2: Subsequent Steps-Spreading and Maintaining Inactivation; 7.1. Spreading Inactivation by Modifying Chromatin; 7.2. Maintaining Inactivation by DNA Methylation of CpG Islands; 7.3. Escape from Inactivation.
- 7.4. Transient X Inactivation in Germ Cells7.5. Induced X Reactivation in Placental Cells; 7.6. Role of DNA Replication in X Inactivation; 7. 7. Summary and Speculations; Chapter 8 Variations 1: Stability of the Inactive X; 8.1. Variations on the Themes of X Inactivation; 8.2. Divergence in the Physical Map; 8.3. Stability of X Inactivation; 8.4. Summary and Speculations; Chapter 9 Variations 2: Choice of Active X; 9.1. Primary Nonrandom X Inactivation; 9.2. Paternal X Inactivation; 9.3. Relationship of Paternal X Inactivation to Genomic Imprinting.