Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Earth's Climate System
  • Radiative Forcing: Perturbation to Earth's Energy Budget
  • Theoretical Development of the Radiative Forcing Concept
  • The Radiative Forcing Concept and Climate Policy
  • State of Scientific Understanding
  • Well-Mixed Greenhouse Gases
  • Tropospheric and Stratospheric Ozone
  • Direct Effect of Aerosols
  • Indirect Effect of Aerosols
  • Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes
  • Solar Forcing
  • Volcanic Eruptions
  • Ocean Color
  • Teleconnections and Radiative Forcing
  • Radiative Forcing over Earth's History
  • Geological Timescales
  • Glacial-Interglacial Timescales
  • Holocene
  • Last 1000 Years
  • Last 25 Years
  • Rethinking the Global Radiative Forcing Concept
  • The Current Concept
  • Global Mean Radiative Forcing with Adjusted Tropospheric Temperatures
  • Global Mean Radiative Forcing at the Surface
  • Regional Radiative Forcing
  • Regional Nonradiative Forcing
  • Ocean Heat Content
  • Uncertainties Associated with Future Climate Forcings
  • Future Emissions of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols
  • Solar Variability
  • Land-Use and Land-Cover Change
  • Abrupt Climate Change
  • Research Approaches to Furthering Understanding
  • Observations of Radiative Forcing and Response
  • Laboratory and Process Studies for Aerosols
  • Atmospheric Reanalysis and Data Assimilation
  • Relating Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols to Sources
  • Climate Forcing and Response over Earth's History
  • Climate Models
  • Recommendations
  • Expanding the Radiative Forcing Concept
  • Addressing Key Uncertainties.