Weight-of-evidence for forensic DNA profiles /

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Assessing Weight-of-Evidence for DNA Profiles is an excellent introductory text to the use of statistical analysis for assessing DNA evidence. Â It offers practical guidance to forensic scientists with little dependence on mathematical ability as the book includes background information on statisti...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Balding, D. J.
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, ©2005.
Colección:Statistics in practice.
Temas:
Forensic genetics > Statistical methods.
Génétique légale > Méthodes statistiques.
MEDICAL > Forensic Medicine.
Forensic genetics > Statistical methods
Dna (análise)
Genética (legislação)
Estatística.
Responsabilidade penal.
Andre fag (naturvidenskab og teknik) > Andre fag
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Weight-of-evidence for Forensic DNA Profiles
  • Statistics in Practice
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Weight-of-evidence theory
  • 1.2 About the book
  • 1.3 DNA profiling technology
  • 1.4 What you need to know already
  • 1.5 Other resources
  • 2 Crime on an island
  • 2.1 Warm-up examples
  • 2.1.1 Disease testing: Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
  • 2.1.2 Coloured taxis
  • 2.2 Rare trait identification evidence
  • 2.2.1 The "island" problem
  • 2.2.2 A first lesson from the island problem
  • 2.3 Making the island problem more realistic
  • 2.3.1 Uncertainty about p
  • 2.3.2 Uncertainty about N
  • 2.3.3 Possible typing errors
  • 2.3.4 Searches
  • 2.3.5 Other evidence
  • 2.3.6 Relatives and population subdivision
  • 2.4 Weight-of-evidence exercises
  • 3 Assessing evidence via likelihood ratios
  • 3.1 Likelihood ratios
  • 3.2 The weight-of-evidence formula
  • 3.2.1 Application to the island problem
  • 3.2.2 The population P
  • 3.3 General application of the formula
  • 3.3.1 Several items of evidence
  • 3.3.2 Assessing all the evidence
  • 3.3.3 The role of the expert witness
  • 3.4 Consequences for DNA evidence
  • 3.4.1 Many possible culprits
  • 3.4.2 Incorporating the non-DNA evidence
  • 3.4.3 Relatives
  • 3.4.4 Laboratory and handling errors
  • 3.4.5 Database searches
  • 3.5 Some derivations â#x80;
  • 3.5.1 Bayes theorem for identification evidence
  • 3.5.2 Uncertainty about p and N
  • 3.5.3 Grouping the alternative possible culprits
  • 3.5.4 Typing errors
  • 3.6 Further weight-of-evidence exercises
  • 4 Typing technologies
  • 4.1 STR typing
  • 4.1.1 Anomalies
  • 4.1.2 Contamination
  • 4.1.3 Low copy number (LCN) profiling
  • 4.2 mtDNA typing
  • 4.3 Y-chromosome markers
  • 4.4 X-chromosome markers â#x80;
  • 4.5 SNP profiles
  • 4.6 Fingerprints â#x80;
  • 5 Some population genetics for DNA evidence
  • 5.1 A brief overview
  • 5.1.1 Drift.
  • 5.1.2 Mutation
  • 5.1.3 Migration
  • 5.1.4 Selection
  • 5.2 θ, or F(ST)
  • 5.3 A statistical model and sampling formula
  • 5.3.1 Diallelic loci
  • 5.3.2 Multi-allelic loci
  • 5.4 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
  • 5.4.1 Testing for deviations from HWE â#x80;
  • 5.4.2 Interpretation of test results
  • 5.5 Linkage equilibrium
  • 5.6 Coancestry â#x80;
  • 5.7 Likelihood-based estimation of θ â#x80;
  • 5.8 Population genetics exercises
  • 6 Identification
  • 6.1 Choosing the hypotheses
  • 6.1.1 Post-data equivalence of hypotheses
  • 6.2 Calculating likelihood ratios
  • 6.2.1 The match probability
  • 6.2.2 One locus
  • 6.2.3 Multiple loci: the "product rule"
  • 6.2.4 Relatives of s
  • 6.2.5 Confidence limits â#x80;
  • 6.2.6 Other profiled individuals
  • 6.3 Application to STR profiles
  • 6.3.1 Values for the p(j)
  • 6.3.2 The value of θ
  • 6.3.3 Errors
  • 6.4 Application to haploid profiles
  • 6.4.1 mtDNA profiles
  • 6.4.2 Y-chromosome markers
  • 6.5 Mixtures
  • 6.5.1 Visual interpretation of mixed profiles
  • 6.5.2 Likelihood ratios under qualitative interpretation
  • 6.5.3 Quantitative interpretation of mixtures
  • 6.6 Identification exercises
  • 7 Relatedness
  • 7.1 Paternity
  • 7.1.1 Weight of evidence for paternity
  • 7.1.2 Prior probabilities
  • 7.1.3 Calculating likelihood ratios
  • 7.1.4 Multiple loci: the effect of linkage
  • 7.1.5 s may be related to c but is not the father
  • 7.1.6 Incest
  • 7.1.7 Mother unavailable
  • 7.1.8 Mutation
  • 7.2 Other relatedness between two individuals
  • 7.2.1 Only the two individuals profiled
  • 7.2.2 Profiled individual close relative of target
  • 7.2.3 Profiles of known relatives also available â#x80;
  • 7.3 Software for relatedness analyses
  • 7.4 Inference of ethnicity or phenotype â#x80;
  • 7.5 Relatedness exercises
  • 8 Other approaches to weight of evidence
  • 8.1 Uniqueness
  • 8.1.1 Analysis
  • 8.1.2 Discussion.
  • 8.2 Inclusion/exclusion probabilities
  • 8.2.1 Random man
  • 8.2.2 Inclusion probability of a typing system
  • 8.2.3 Case-specific inclusion probability
  • 8.3 Hypothesis testing â#x80;
  • 8.4 Other exercises
  • 9 Issues for the courtroom
  • 9.1 Bayesian reasoning in court
  • 9.2 Some fallacies
  • 9.2.1 The prosecutor's fallacy
  • 9.2.2 The defendant's fallacy
  • 9.2.3 The uniqueness fallacy
  • 9.3 Some UK appeal cases
  • 9.3.1 Deen (1993)
  • 9.3.2 Dalby (1995)
  • 9.3.3 Adams (1996)
  • 9.3.4 Doheny/Adams (1996)
  • 9.3.5 Watters (2000)
  • 9.4 US National Research Council reports
  • 9.5 Prosecutor's fallacy exercises
  • 10 Solutions to exercises
  • Bibliography
  • Index.

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