Tabla de Contenidos:
  • 1 The Challenge of Earthquake Science 1
  • 1.1 Seismic Safety and Performance 2
  • 1.2 Seismic Information for Emergency Response 8
  • 1.3 Basic Geoscience 11
  • 1.4 Education 12
  • 1.5 Predictive Understanding 14
  • 2 Rise of Earthquake Science 19
  • 2.1 Early Speculations 19
  • 2.2 Discovery of Seismic Faulting 23
  • 2.3 Seismometry and the Quantification of Earthquakes 31
  • 2.4 Plate Tectonics 36
  • 2.5 Earthquake Mechanics 47
  • 2.6 Earthquake Prediction 54
  • 2.7 Earthquake Engineering 65
  • 3 Facing the Earthquake Threat 107
  • 3.1 Types of Seismic Hazards 107
  • 3.2 Seismic Hazards in the United States 121
  • 3.3 Seismic Hazards Around the World 137
  • 3.4 Estimating Earthquake Risk 147
  • 3.5 Reducing Earthquake Risk 151
  • 3.6 Closing the Implementation Gap 163
  • 4 Observing the Active Earth: Current Technologies and the Role of the Disciplines 176
  • 4.1 Seismology 177
  • 4.2 Tectonic Geodesy 201
  • 4.3 Earthquake Geology 216
  • 4.4 Fault and Rock Mechanics 229
  • 5 Earthquake Physics and Fault-System Science 256
  • 5.1 Earthquake Dynamics 257
  • 5.2 Fault Systems 264
  • 5.3 Fault-Zone Processes 275
  • 5.4 Rupture Dynamics 282
  • 5.5 Wave Propagation 302
  • 5.6 Seismic Hazard Analysis 314
  • 6 Research Opportunities and Requirements 350
  • 6.1 Fault Characterization 351
  • 6.2 Global Earthquake Forecasting 358
  • 6.3 Fault-System Dynamics 361
  • 6.4 Fault-Zone Processes 364
  • 6.5 Earthquake Source Physics 367
  • 6.6 Ground-Motion Prediction 369
  • 6.7 Seismic Hazard Analysis 376
  • 6.8 Seismic Information Systems 378
  • 6.9 Partnerships for Public Education and Outreach 379
  • 7.1 Current Capabilities 385
  • 7.2 Science Goals 386
  • 7.3 Research Opportunities and Requirements 388
  • Appendix A Major Federal Earthquake Programs 395.