Snow Crystals : A Case Study in Spontaneous Structure Formation /

A definitive new investigation of the science of snowflakes by the world's leading expertA snowflake's sophisticated symmetry emerges when crystalline ice grows from water vapor within the winter clouds. While certain iconic snowflake shapes are visually familiar to us, microscopic close-u...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Libbrecht, Kenneth G. (Autor)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, [2021]
Temas:
Snowflakes.
SCIENCE / Physics / Condensed Matter.
Accuracy and precision.
Artistic rendering.
Atmospheric pressure.
Atmospheric sciences.
Attic calendar.
Baking.
Biomolecule.
Blood Glucose.
Branching (polymer chemistry).
By-product.
Camera.
Camphor.
Canon EOS 5D.
Chemical bond.
Chemical formula.
Chisel.
Circumference.
Clear ice.
Cloud.
Coefficient.
Collision.
Computational chemistry.
Computational model.
Consumer.
Crystal growth.
Crystal structure.
Crystal.
Cubic crystal system.
Curvature.
Cytokine.
Deforestation.
Desiccation.
Dew point.
Diagram.
Diffusion equation.
Dimension.
Dislocation.
Drop (liquid).
Economic development.
Facet (geometry).
Faceting.
Field lens.
Focus stacking.
Freedman.
Glucocorticoid.
Glycoside.
Hatchling.
Heat exchanger.
Hydrogen atom.
Ice Ih.
Ice.
Implementation.
Impurity.
Isotropy.
Latent heat.
Lighting.
Liquid crystal.
Menopause.
Micrograph.
Mitutoyo.
Molecule.
Neglect.
Nematode.
Nomenclature.
Nucleation.
Parabola.
Parasitoid.
Pedagogy.
Percentage.
Petite bourgeoisie.
Phase (matter).
Pixel.
Planned economy.
Plate column.
Properties of water.
Public sector.
Quadratic equation.
Refractive index.
Result.
Scientific method.
Snow.
Southwestern United States.
Sovereignty.
Stabilization policy.
Stagnation point.
State management.
Steradian.
Stokes' law.
Storage tank.
Stunted growth.
Supersaturation.
Surface diffusion.
Surface energy.
Surface roughness.
Temperature gradient.
Temperature.
Video production.
Visual effects.
Website.
Zero of a function.
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Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Frontmatter
  • CONTENTS
  • PREFACE
  • ONE. Snow Crystal Science
  • COMPLEX SYMMETRY
  • A BRIEF HISTORY OF SNOW CRYSTAL SCIENCE
  • TWENTY-FIRST- CENTURY SNOWFLAKES
  • NO TWO ALIKE?
  • TWO. Ice Crystal Structure
  • ICE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
  • SURFACE PREMELTING
  • ICE ENERGETICS
  • MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS
  • SURFACE ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS
  • SNOW CRYSTAL TWINNING
  • THREE. Diffusion-Limited Growth
  • FACETING AND BRANCHING
  • FREE DENDRITES
  • DIFFUSION IN SNOW CRYSTAL GROWTH
  • THE SPHERICAL SOLUTION
  • ADDITIONAL ANALYTIC SOLUTIONS
  • SOLVABILITY THEORY
  • SNOW CRYSTAL AERODYNAMICS
  • ORDER AND CHAOS
  • FOUR. Attachment Kinetics
  • ICE KINETICS
  • LARGE-FACET ATTACHMENT KINETICS
  • STRUCTURE-DEPENDENT ATTACHMENT KINETICS
  • EXPLAINING THE NAKAYA DIAGRAM
  • THE MORPHOLOGICAL NEXUS AT −5°C
  • SNOW CRYSTAL CARTOGRAPHY
  • DISLOCATION-MEDIATED GROWTH
  • CHEMICAL VAPOR EFFECTS
  • FIVE. Computational Snow Crystals
  • A PROGRESSION OF SNOW CRYSTAL MODELS
  • SPHERICAL CELLULAR AUTOMATA
  • CYLINDRICALLY SYMMETRIC CELLULAR AUTOMATA
  • THREE-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR AUTOMATA
  • SIX. Laboratory Snow Crystals
  • FREE-FALL SNOW CRYSTALS
  • SUBSTRATE SUPPORT
  • LEVITATION
  • CONTINUOUS DIFFUSION CHAMBERS
  • SNOW CRYSTAL IMAGING
  • SEVEN. Simple Ice Prisms
  • PRECISION ICE GROWTH MEASUREMENTS
  • A TALE OF TWO EXPERIMENTS
  • SIMPLE-PRISM CONVERGENCE
  • EIGHT. Electric Ice Needles
  • SNOWFLAKE ON A STICK
  • E-NEEDLE FORMATION
  • AN E-NEEDLE DUAL DIFFUSION CHAMBER
  • THE NAKAYA DIAGRAM ON E-NEEDLES
  • SIMPLEST E-NEEDLE GROWTH
  • AN ANALYSIS EXAMPLE: E-NEEDLES AT −15°C
  • E-NEEDLE VIGNETTES
  • NINE. Designer Snow Crystals
  • THE PLATE-ON- PEDESTAL METHOD
  • ILLUMINATION AND POSTPROCESSING
  • POP GROWTH BEHAVIORS
  • IDENTICAL-TWIN SNOW CRYSTALS
  • POP ART
  • TEN. Natural Snowflakes
  • SNOWFLAKE WATCHING
  • ELEVEN. Snowflake Photography
  • FINDING SNOWFLAKES
  • OPTICS AND LENSES
  • ILLUMINATION MATTERS
  • APPENDIX. List of Variables and Physical Constants
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • INDEX

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