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Bourgeois Equality : How Ideas, Not Capital or Institutions, Enriched the World /
There's little doubt that most humans today are better off than their forebears. Stunningly so, the economist and historian Deirdre McCloskey argues in the concluding volume of her trilogy celebrating the oft-derided virtues of the bourgeoisie. The poorest of humanity, McCloskey shows, will soo...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Chicago :
University of Chicago Press,
[2021]
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Exordium: The Three Volumes Show That We Are Rich Because of an Ethical and Rhetorical Change
- Acknowledgments
- First Question. What Is to Be Explained?
- Part I A Great Enrichment Happened, and Will Happen
- 1 The World Is Pretty Rich, but Once Was Poor
- 2 For Malthusian and Other Reasons, Very Poor
- 3 Then Many of Us Shot Up the Blade of a Hockey Stick
- 4 As Your Own Life Shows
- 5 The Poor Were Made Much Better Off
- 6 Inequality Is Not the Problem
- 7 Despite Doubts from the Left
- 8 Or from the Right and Middle
- 9 The Great International Divergence Can Be Overcome
- Second Question Why Not the Conventional Explanations?
- Part II Explanations from Left and Right Have Proven Fa lse
- 10 The Divergence Was Not Caused by Imperialism
- 11 Poverty Cannot Be Overcome from the Left by Overthrowing "Capitalism"
- 12 "Accumulate, Accumulate" Is Not What Happened in History
- 13 But Neither Can Poverty Be Overcome from the Right by Implanting "Institution
- 14 Because Ethics Matters, and Changes, More
- 15 And the Oomph of Institutional Change Is Far Too Small
- 16 Most Governmental Institutions Make Us Poorer
- Third Question What, Then, Explains the Enrichment?
- Part III Bourgeois Life Had Been Rhetorically Revalued in Britain at the Onset of the Industrial Revolution
- 17 It Is a Truth Universally Acknowledged That Even Dr. Johnson and Jane Austen Exhibit the Revaluation
- 18 No Woman but a Blockhead Wrote for Anything but Money
- 19 Adam Smith Exhibits Bourgeois Theory at Its Ethical Best
- 20 Smith Was Not a Mr. Max U, but Rather the Last of the Former Virtue Ethicists
- 21 That Is, He Was No Reductionist, Economistic or Otherwise
- 22 And He Formulated the Bourgeois Deal
- 23 Ben Franklin Was Bourgeois, and He Embodied Betterment
- 24 By 1848 a Bourgeois Ideology Had Wholly Triumphed
- Part IV A Pro-Bourgeois Rhetoric Was Forming in England around 1700
- 25 The Word "Honest" Shows the Changing Attitude toward the Aristocracy and the Bourgeoisie
- 26 And So Does the Word "Eerlijk"
- 27 Defoe, Addison, and Steele Show It, Too
- 28 The Bourgeois Revaluation Becomes a Commonplace, as in The London Merchant
- 29 Bourgeois Europe, for Example, Loved Measurement
- 30 The Change Was in Social Habits of the Lip, Not in Psychology
- 31 And the Change Was Specifically British
- Part V Yet England Had Recently Lagged in Bourgeois Ideology, Compared with the Netherlands
- 32 Bourgeois Shakespeare Disdained Trade and the Bourgeoisie
- 33 As Did Elizabethan England Generally
- 34 Aristocratic England, for Example, Scorned Measurement
- 35 The Dutch Preached Bourgeois Virtue
- 36 And the Dutch Bourgeoisie Was Virtuous
- 37 For Instance, Bourgeois Holland Was Tolerant, and Not for Prudence Only
- Part VI Reformation, Revolt, Revolution, and Reading Increased the Liberty and Dignity of Ordinary Europeans
- 38 The Causes Were Local, Temporary, and Unpredictable
- 39 "Democratic" Church Governance Emboldened People
- 40 The Theology of Happiness Changed circa 1700
- 41 Printing and Reading and Fragmentation Sustained the Dignity of Commoners
- 42 Political Ideas Mattered for Equal Liberty and Dignity
- 43 Ideas Made for a Bourgeois Revaluation
- 44 The Rhetorical Change Was Necessary, and Maybe Sufficient
- Part VII Nowhere Before on a Large Scale Had Bourgeois or Other Commoners Been Honored
- 45 Talk Had Been Hostile to Betterment
- 46 The Hostility Was Ancient
- 47 Yet Some Christians Anticipated a Respected Bourgeoisie
- 48 And Betterment, Though Long Disdained, Developed Its Own Vested Interests
- 49 And Then Turned
- 50 On the Whole, However, the Bourgeoisies and Their Bettering Projects Have Been Precarious
- Part VIII Words and Ideas Ca used the Modern World
- 51 Sweet Talk Rules the Economy
- 52 And Its Rhetoric Can Change Quickly
- 53 It Was Not a Deep Cultural Change
- 54 Yes, It Was Ideas, Not Interests or Institutions, That Changed, Suddenly, in Northwestern Europe
- 55 Elsewhere Ideas about the Bourgeoisie Did Not Change
- Fourth Question: What Are the Dangers?
- Part IX The History and Economics Have Been Misunderstood
- 56 The Change in Ideas Contradicts Many Ideas from the Political Middle, 1890-1980
- 57 And Many Polanyish Ideas from the Left
- 58 Yet Polanyi Was Right about Embeddedness
- 59 Trade-Tested Betterment Is Democratic in Consumption
- 60 And Liberating in Production
- 61 And Therefore Bourgeois Rhetoric Was Better for the Poor
- Part X That Is, Rhetoric Made Us, but Can Readily Unmake Us
- 62 After 1848 the Clerisy Converted to Antibetterment
- 63 The Clerisy Betrayed the Bourgeois Deal, and Approved the Bolshevik and Bismarckian Deals
- 64 Anticonsumerism and Pro-Bohemianism Were Fruits of the Antibetterment Reaction
- 65 Despite the Clerisy's Doubts
- 66 What Matters Ethically Is Not Equality of Outcome, but the Condition of the Working Class
- 67 A Change in Rhetoric Made Modernity, and Can Spread It
- Notes
- Works Cited
- Index