The Science of Vehicle Dynamics Handling, Braking, and Ride of Road and Race Cars /

Vehicle dynamics is often perceived as a quite intuitive subject. As a matter of fact, lots of people are able to drive a car. Nevertheless, without a rigorous mathematical formulation it is very difficult to truly understand the physical phenomena involved in the motion of a road vehicle. In this b...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Guiggiani, Massimo (Autor)
Autor Corporativo: SpringerLink (Online service)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer, 2014.
Edición:1st ed. 2014.
Temas:
Automotive engineering.
Multibody systems.
Vibration.
Mechanics, Applied.
Mechanical engineering.
Automotive Engineering.
Multibody Systems and Mechanical Vibrations.
Mechanical Engineering.
Acceso en línea:Texto Completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Preface
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Vehicle Definition
  • 1.2 Vehicle Basic Scheme
  • References
  • 2 Mechanics of the Wheel with Tire
  • 2.1 The Tire as a Vehicle Component
  • 2.2 Rim Position and Motion
  • 2.3 Carcass Features
  • 2.4 Contact Patch
  • 2.5 Footprint Force
  • 2.5.1 Perfectly Flat Road Surface
  • 2.6 Tire Global Mechanical Behavior
  • 2.6.1 Tire Transient Behavior
  • 2.6.2 Tire Steady-State Behavior
  • 2.6.3 Rolling Resistance
  • 2.6.4 Speed Independence (Almost)
  • 2.6.5 Pure Rolling (not Free Rolling)
  • 2.7 Tire Slips
  • 2.7.1 Rolling Velocity
  • 2.7.2 Definition of Tire Slips
  • 2.7.3 Slip Angle
  • 2.8 Grip Forces and Tire Slips
  • 2.9 Tire Testing
  • 2.9.1 Pure Longitudinal Slip
  • 2.9.2 Pure Lateral Slip
  • 2.10 Magic Formula
  • 2.11 Mechanics of Wheels with Tire
  • 2.12 Summary
  • 2.13 List of Some Relevant Concepts
  • References
  • 3 Vehicle Model for Handling and Performance
  • 3.1 Mathematical Framework
  • 3.2 Vehicle Congruence (Kinematic) Equations
  • 3.2.1 Velocities
  • 3.2.2 Yaw Angle and Trajectory
  • 3.2.3 Velocity Center
  • 3.2.4 Fundamental Ratios
  • 3.2.5 Accelerations and Radii of Curvature
  • 3.2.6 Acceleration Center
  • 3.2.7 Tire Kinematics (Tire Slips)
  • 3.3 Vehicle Constitutive (Tire) Equations
  • 3.4 Vehicle Equilibrium Equations
  • 3.5 Forces Acting on the Vehicle
  • 3.5.1 Weight
  • 3.5.2 Aerodynamic Force
  • 3.5.3 Road-Tire Friction Forces
  • 3.5.4 Road-Tire Vertical Forces
  • 3.6 Vehicle Equilibrium Equations (more explicit form)
  • 3.7 Load Transfers
  • 3.7.1 Longitudinal Load Transfer
  • 3.7.2 Lateral Load Transfers
  • 3.7.3 Vertical Loads on each Tire
  • 3.8 Suspension First-Order Analysis
  • 3.8.1 Suspension Reference Configuration
  • 3.8.2 Suspension Internal Coordinates
  • 3.8.3 Camber variation
  • 3.8.4 Vehicle Internal Coordinates
  • 3.8.5 Roll and Vertical Stiffnesses
  • 3.8.6 Suspension Internal Equilibrium
  • 3.8.7 Effects of a Lateral Force
  • 3.8.8 No-Roll Centers and No-Roll Axis
  • 3.8.9 Forces at the No-Roll Centers
  • 3.8.10 Suspension Jacking
  • 3.8.11 Roll Angle and Lateral Load Transfers
  • 3.8.12 Explicit Expressions of Lateral Load Transfers
  • 3.8.13 Lateral Load Transfers with Rigid Tires
  • 3.9 Dependent Suspensions
  • 3.10 Sprung and Unsprung Masses
  • 3.11 Vehicle Model for Handling and Performance
  • 3.11.1 Equilibrium Equations
  • 3.11.2 Constitutive (Tire) Equations
  • 3.11.3 Congruence (Kinematic) Equations
  • 3.11.4 Principles of any Differential Mechanism
  • 3.12 The Structure of this Vehicle Model
  • 3.13 Three-Axle vehicles
  • 3.14 Summary
  • 3.15 List of Some Relevant Concepts
  • References
  • 4 Braking Performance
  • 4.1 Pure Braking
  • 4.2 Vehicle Model for Braking Performance
  • 4.3 Equilibrium Equations
  • 4.4 Longitudinal Load Transfer
  • 4.5 Maximum Deceleration
  • 4.6 Brake Balance
  • 4.7 All Possible Braking Combinations
  • 4.8 Changing the Grip
  • 4.9 Changing the Weight Distribution
  • 4.10 A Numerical Example
  • 4.11 Braking Performance of Formula Cars
  • 4.11.1 Equilibrium Equations
  • 4.11.2 Longitudinal Load Transfer
  • 4.11.3 Maximum Deceleration
  • 4.11.4 Braking Balance
  • 4.11.5 Typical Formula 1 Braking Performance
  • 4.12 Summary
  • 4.13 List of Some Relevant Concepts
  • 5 The Kinematics of Cornering
  • 5.1 Planar Kinematics of a Rigid
  • 5.1.1 Velocity Field and Velocity Center
  • 5.1.2 Acceleration Field, Inflection Circle and Acceleration Center
  • 5.2 The Kinematics of a Turning Vehicle
  • 5.2.1 Fixed and Moving Centrodes of a Turning Vehicle
  • 5.2.2 Inflection Circle
  • 5.2.3 Variable Curvatures
  • References
  • 6 Handling of Road Cars
  • 6.1 Open Differential
  • 6.2 Fundamental Equations of Vehicle Handling
  • 6.3 Double Track Model
  • 6.4 Single Track Model
  • 6.4.1 Governing Equations of the Single Track Model
  • 6.4.2 Axle Characteristics
  • 6.5 Alternative State Variables
  • 6.6 Inverse Congruence Equations
  • 6.7 Vehicle in Steady-State Conditions
  • 6.7.1 The Role of the Steady-State Lateral Acceleration
  • 6.7.2 Steady-State Analysis
  • 6.8 Handling Diagram-the Classical Approach
  • 6.9 Weak Concepts in Classical Vehicle Dynamics
  • 6.9.1 Popular Definitions of Understeer/Oversteer
  • 6.10 Map of Achievable Performance (MAP)-a New Global Approach
  • 6.11 Vehicle in Transient Conditions (Stability and Control Derivatives)
  • 6.11.1 Steady-State Conditions (Equilibrium Points)
  • 6.11.2 Linearization of the Equations of Motion
  • 6.11.3 Stability
  • 6.11.4 Forced Oscillations (Driver Action)
  • 6.12 Relationship Between Steady State Data and Transient Behavior
  • 6.13 New Understeer Gradient
  • 6.14 Stability (Again)
  • 6.15 The Single Track Model Revisited
  • 6.15.1 Different Vehicles with Almost Identical Handling
  • 6.16 Road Vehicles with Locked or Limited Slip Differential
  • 6.17 Linear Single Track Model
  • 6.17.1 Governing Equations
  • 6.17.2 Solution for Constant Forward Speed
  • 6.17.3 Critical Speed
  • 6.17.4 Transient Vehicle Behavior
  • 6.17.5 Steady-State Behavior: Steering Pad
  • 6.17.6 Lateral Wind Gust
  • 6.17.7 Banked Road
  • 6.18 Summary
  • 6.19 List of Some Relevant Concepts
  • References
  • 7 Handling of Race Cars
  • 7.1 Locked and Limited Slip Differentials
  • 7.2 Fundamental Equations of Race Car Handling
  • 7.3 Double Track Race Car Model
  • 7.4 Tools for Handling Analysis
  • 7.5 The Handling Diagram Becomes the Handling Surface
  • 7.5.1 Handling with Locked Differential (No Wings)
  • 7.6 Handling of Formula Cars
  • 7.6.1 Handling Surface
  • 7.6.2 Map of Achievable Performance (MAP)
  • 7.7 Summary
  • 7.8 List of Some Relevant Concepts
  • References
  • 8 Ride Comfort and Road Holding
  • 8.1 Vehicle Models for Ride and Road Holding
  • 8.2 Quarter Car Model
  • 8.2.1 The Inerter as a Spring Softener 8.2.2 Quarter Car Natural Frequencies and Modes
  • 8.3 Shock Absorber Tuning
  • 8.3.1 Comfort Optimization
  • 8.3.2 Road Holding Optimization
  • 8.3.3 The Inerter as a Tool for Road Holding Tuning
  • 8.4 Road Profiles
  • 8.5 Free Vibrations of Road Cars
  • 8.5.1 Governing Equations
  • 8.5.2 Proportional Viscous Damping
  • 8.5.3 Vehicle with Proportional Viscous Damping
  • 8.6 Tuning of Suspension Stiffnesses
  • 8.6.1 Optimality of Proportional Damping
  • 8.6.2 A Numerical Example
  • 8.7 Non-Proportional Damping
  • 8.8 Interconnected Suspensions
  • 8.9 Summary
  • 8.10 List of Some Relevant Concepts
  • References
  • 9 Handling with Roll Motion
  • 9.1 Vehicle Position and Orientation
  • 9.2 Yaw, Pitch and Roll
  • 9.3 Angular Velocity
  • 9.4 Angular Acceleration
  • 9.5 Vehicle Lateral Velocity
  • 9.5.1 Track Invariant Points
  • 9.5.2 Vehicle Invariant Point (VIP)
  • 9.5.3 Lateral Velocity and Acceleration
  • 9.6 Three-Dimensional Vehicle Dynamics
  • 9.6.1 Velocity and Acceleration of G
  • 9.6.2 Rate of Change of the Angular Momentum
  • 9.6.3 Completing the Torque Equation
  • 9.6.4 Equilibrium Equations
  • 9.6.5 Including the Unsprung Mass
  • 9.7 Handling with Roll Motion
  • 9.7.1 Equilibrium Equations
  • 9.7.2 Load Transfers
  • 9.7.3 Constitutive (Tire) Equations
  • 9.7.4 Congruence (Kinematic) Equations
  • 9.8 Steady-State and Transient Analysis
  • 9.9 Summary
  • 9.10 List of Some Relevant Concepts
  • References
  • 10 Tire Models
  • 10.1 Brush Model Definition
  • 10.1.1 Roadway and Rim
  • 10.1.2 Shape of the Contact Patch
  • 10.1.3 Force-Couple Resultant
  • 10.1.4 Position of the Contact Patch
  • 0.1.5 Pressure Distribution
  • 10.1.6 Friction
  • 10.1.7 Constitutive Relationship
  • 10.1.8 Kinematics
  • 10.2 General Governing Equations of the Brush Model
  • 10.2.1 Data for Numerical Examples
  • 10.3 Brush Model Steady-State Behavior
  • 10.3.1 Governing Equations
  • 10.3.2 Adhesion and Sliding Zones
  • 10.3.3 Force-Couple Resultant
  • 10.4 Adhesion Everywhere (Linear Behavior)
  • 10.5 Wheel with Pure Translational Slip
  • 10.5.1 Rectangular Contact Patch
  • 10.5.2 Elliptical Contact Patch
  • 10.6 Wheel with Pure Spin Slip
  • 10.7 Wheel with Both Translational and Spin Slips
  • 10.7.1 Rectangular Contact Patch
  • 10.7.2 Elliptical Contact Patch
  • 10.8 Brush Model Transient Behavior
  • 10.8.1 Transient Model with Carcass Compliance Only
  • 10.8.2 Transient Model with Carcass and Tread Compliance
  • 10.8.3 Numerical Examples
  • 10.9 Summary
  • 10.10List of Some Relevant Concepts
  • References
  • References
  • Index.

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