Volcano Deformation New Geodetic Monitoring Techniques /

Volcanic Deformation is the first book devoted to volcano geodesy, a specialisation of the still-young science of volcanology. It forms a part of the whole catalogue of methods used to monitor a restless or an erupting volcano, and demonstrates how risk from hazardous eruptions can be reduced. With...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Dzurisin, Daniel (Autor)
Autor Corporativo: SpringerLink (Online service)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer, 2007.
Edición:1st ed. 2007.
Colección:Geophysical Sciences
Temas:
Geophysics.
Acceso en línea:Texto Completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • 1 The modern volcanologist's tool kit
  • 1.1 Volcanoes in motion - when deformation gets extreme
  • 1.2 Volcanology in the information age
  • 1.3 A brief survey of volcano-monitoring techniques
  • 1.4 An introduction to geodetic sensors and techniques
  • 2 Classical surveying techniques
  • 2.1 Early geodetic surveys
  • 2.2 Reference systems and datums
  • 2.3 Geodetic networks
  • 2.4 Trilateration and triangulation
  • 2.5 Leveling and tilt-leveling surveys
  • 2.6 Photogrammetry
  • 2.7 Microgravity surveys
  • 2.8 Magnetic field measurements
  • 3 Continuous monitoring with in situ sensors
  • 3.1 Seismometers
  • 3.2 Tiltmeters
  • 3.3 Strainmeters
  • 3.4 Continuous GPS
  • 3.5 Some cautions about near-surface deformation sensors
  • 3.6 Continuous gravimeters
  • 3.7 Differential lake gauging
  • 3.8 Concluding remarks
  • 4 The Global Positioning System: A multipurpose tool
  • 4.1 Global positioning principles
  • 4.2 An overview of GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo
  • 4.3 GPS signal structure: what do the satellites broadcast?
  • 4.4 Observables: what do GPS receivers measure?
  • 4.5 Data combinations and differences
  • 4.6 Doing the math: turning data into positions
  • 4.7 Relative positioning techniques
  • 4.8 CGPS networks
  • 4.9 Data processing
  • 4.10 Looking to the future
  • 5 Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR)
  • 5.1 Radar principles and techniques
  • 5.2 Principles of SAR interferometry
  • 5.3 Examples of interferometric SAR applied to volcanoes
  • 6 Photogrammetry
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Historical perspective
  • 6.3 Photogrammetry fundamentals
  • 6.4 Instrumentation and data types
  • 6.5 Aerotriangulation
  • 6.6 Terrestrial photogrammetry
  • 6.7 Application to Mount St. Helens
  • 7 Lessons from deforming volcanoes
  • 7.1 Mount St. Helens - edifice instability and dome growth
  • 7.2 K?lauea volcano, Hawai'i - flank instability and gigantic landslides
  • 7.3 Yellowstone - the ups and downs of a restless caldera
  • 7.4 Long Valley Caldera and the Mono-Inyo volcanic chain: two decades of unrest (and still counting?)
  • 8 Analytical volcano deformation source models
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 The elastic half-space: a first approximation of the Earth
  • 8.3 Notation
  • 8.4 Surface loads
  • 8.5 Point forces, pipes, and spheroidal pressure sources
  • 8.6 Dipping point and finite rectangular tension cracks
  • 8.7 Gravity change
  • 8.8 Relationship between subsurface and surface volume changes
  • 8.9 Topographic corrections to modeled deformation
  • 8.10 Inversion of source parameters from deformation data
  • 9 Borehole observations of continuous strain and fluid pressure
  • 9.1 Borehole strainmeter design and capabilities
  • 9.2 Groundwater level as a volumetric strain indicator
  • 9.3 Processing and analyzing continuous strain and water level data
  • 9.4 Volumetric strain fields of idealized volcanic sources
  • 9.5 Examples
  • 9.6 Summary
  • 10 Hydrothermal systems and volcano geochemistry
  • 10.1 The hydrologic importance of brittle-plastic phenomena
  • 10.2 The brittle-plastic transition
  • 10.3 Development of plastic rock around shallow intrusive bodies
  • 10.4 Storage of hydrothermal fluid in and movement through plastic rock
  • 10.5 Self-sealing at the brittle-plastic interface
  • 10.6 Mechanisms for breaching the self-sealed zone and discharge of >400°C fluid into cooler rock
  • 10.7 Chemical characteristics of fluids in a sub-volcanic environment
  • 10.8 A general model of hydrothermal activity in a sub-volcanic environment
  • 10.9 Uplift and subsidence of large silicic calderas
  • 10.10 Conclusions
  • 11 Challenges and opportunities for the 21st century
  • 11.1 The intrusion process: a complicated business
  • 11.2 Strengths and weaknesses of geodetic monitoring
  • 11.3 Why is volcano deformation such an elusive target?
  • 11.4 Capturing volcano deformation in space and time
  • 11.5 Pie-in-the-sky volcanology
  • 11.6 A bright and challenging future
  • References
  • DVD with figures and supplementary material.

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